Download - Texas History Spring Final 2014
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Texas History Spring Final 2014
What you need to know!
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Early Texas
Cattle were first brought to America by explorers from Spain.
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Texas Independence
Juan Seguin was in charge of destroying the provisions in Gonzales after Houston’s army withdrew.
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Texas Independence
Texas leaders signed the Declaration of Independence from Mexico on March 2, 1836.
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Texas Independence
David Crockett was a former state legislator and U.S. congressman from the state of Tennessee.
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Texas Independence
The weakness in the Alamo defense was a gap in the wall.
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Texas Independence
“I am besieged by a thousand or more of the Mexicans under Santa Anna…I shall never surrender or retreat……Victory or Death!”-William B. Travis, commander of the Alamo
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Texas Independence
Soldiers were told that remaining in the Alamo meant certain death. The Alamo fell to Santa Anna’s troops on March 6, 1836.
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Texas Independence
After the battle of the Alamo, the bodies of the defenders were burned.
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Texas Independence
An important reason for the Texans’ defeat at Goliad was Fannin’s indecision.
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Texas Independence
Most of the Texans captured at Goliad believed they would be treated fairly.
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Texas Independence
Santa Anna feared that any survivors at Goliad would rejoin the rebellion.
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Texas Independence
General Urrea regretted Santa Anna’s decision to execute Texans after the Battle of Goliad.
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Texas Independence
Runaway Scrape was the flight of Texas families that was plagued by a lack of food, bad weather, and sickness.
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Texas Independence
The two famous battle cries from this time were “Remember the Alamo” and “Remember Goliad.”
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Texas Independence
The events at the Alamo inspired most Texans to carry on the struggle for freedom.
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Texas Independence
The battle of San Jacinto was important because Texas won its independence from Mexico.
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Texas Independence
General Santa Anna was found hiding in tall grass at the end of the battle of San Jacinto.
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Texas Independence
After the Battle of San Jacinto and the Treaties of Velasco were signed, Texas became an independent country. Santa Anna vowed not to fight Texas again.
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Republic of Texas
President Mirabeau Lamar had a goal of improving education for Texans.
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Republic of Texas
Texans tried to take Comanche negotiators as hostages in a struggle known as the Council House Fight.
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Republic of Texas
At the end of President Lamar’s term, the public debt was $7 million.
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Republic of Texas
The primary purpose of the Texas Rangers during the time of the Republic was to protect Texans from Native American raids.
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Republic of Texas
Most Texans wanted to become part of the United States, however they did NOT want slavery abolished.
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Republic of Texas
• Anson Jones was the last President of the Republic of Texas
• He was the President of the Republic during the annexation of Texas by the United States
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State of Texas
Manifest Destiny was the belief that the U.S. would expand from coast to coast.
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State of Texas
Settlers obtained land under the Homestead Act by living on the land.
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State of Texas• 1845: the year Texas
was annexed by the United States. Texas was the 28th state to join the Union.
• Under the 1845 joint resolution, Texas could be divided into as many as 5 states.
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State of Texas
A major reason for delaying Texas annexation was the Mexico refused to recognize Texas independence.
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State of Texas
• The 1845 joint resolution pleased most Texans because it made Texas a U.S. state.
• The 1845 state constitution set two-year terms for the governor.
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State of Texas• The new state
constitution protected the system of slavery. Most Texans did NOT want slavery abolished.
• An abolitionist is a person who worked to end slavery.
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State of Texas• Most settlers who
came to Texas during the early years of statehood came from the southern U.S.
• The eastern part of Texas was most affected by the GTT (Gone to Texas) movement.
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State of Texas
In the 1840s and 1850s, most European immigrants to Texas came from Germany.
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State of Texas
In the late 1800s, most Mexican Americans in Texas worked s ranchers and farmers.
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U.S.-Mexican War
The battle that began the Mexican-American War took place at Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma.
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U.S.-Mexican War
General Zachery Taylor was ordered by President Polk to move his troops across the Nueces River to the Rio Grande.
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U.S.-Mexican War
The U.S. forces won the Mexican-American War because they were better equipped and led.
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U.S.-Mexican War• In the Treaty of
Guadalupe-Hidalgo, Mexico surrendered territory called the Mexican Cession.
• Mexico surrendered all territory between Texas and the Pacific Ocean.
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Civil War
If the Republicans won the 1860 election, Southern leaders threatened to secede from the Union.
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Civil War
The position that the federal government should not interfere with the states’ exercise of their constitutional powers is know as states’ rights.
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Civil War
Members of the 1861 convention in Montgomery, Alabama formed the Confederate States of America.
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Civil War
When Governor Houston refused to sign an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy, the Secession Convention declared his office vacant.
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Civil War
• Hood’s Texas Brigade and Terry’s Texas Rangers were forces that fought for the South in the Civil War
• 60,000 Texans served in the Confederate Army.
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Civil War
Union leaders wanted to gain control of Galveston because it had a busy seaport.
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Civil War
Despite a Union blockade of its ports, Texas continued to send cotton to Europe through Mexico.
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Civil War
The Battle of the Sabine Pass was an important victory for the Confederacy because it ended Union plans to launch a campaign against Texas.
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Civil War
Conscription is the forced enrollment into military service.
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Civil War
The last battle of the Civil War took place in Texas near Palmito Ranch.
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Civil War
The North’s victory in the Civil War meant that the Union was preserved.
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Ranching Texas
• Cattle drives were begun to find better markets.
• On a trail drive, the wrangler’s job was to take care of the horses.
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Ranching Texas
Mexican-American vaqueros were most often found on ranches in South Texas.
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Ranching Texas
• Cattle were branded to show ownership.
• Severe blizzards and long droughts in Texas in the 1880s led to a decline in cattle ranching.
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Ranching Texas• Some Missouri
farmers reacted to trail driving by blocking the trails.
• Joseph G. McCoy convinced the railroads and cattle drovers to meet further west to avoid Missouri.
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Ranching TexasSheep ranching increased after the Civil War because of a growing demand for wool.
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Modern Era Texas
Spindletop was the first oil gusher. 100,000 barrels per day escaped before it could be capped.
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Modern Era Texas
The governor who, as attorney general, helped Texas pass antitrust laws was James S. Hogg.
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Modern Era Texas
The Texas Railroad Commission stopped many unfair practices of railroads.
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Modern Era Texas
The 18th Amendment barred the manufacture, sale, and transporting of alcohol.
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Principles of Government
Federalism is the principle that means power is shared between the central and state governments.
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Principles of Government
Popular sovereignty uses elections to determine many government officials.
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Good Luck and have a Great
Summer!