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The 12th-14th Centuries:The Crusades & the Reconquista
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Considerations for Topic 4
1. Competing interpretations of “Islam” through time - friend or foe
2. The ever-increasing diversity of “Islam”: people, places, ideas, iconographies, styles
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The Ayyubids in Cairo: 1175-1250 Kurdish-Armenian origins
Salah al-Din (“Saladdin”), 1137-93
The Mamluks in Cairo: 1250-1517Turks (“Bahri”), 1250-1390
Circassians (“Burji”), 1390-1517
Some of the protagonists of the Crusades...
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The Reconquista (“Reconquest”)
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The Ayyubids in Cairo: 1175-1250The Mamluks in Cairo: 1250-1517 (Ottoman conquest)
Multiple “Pasts” & “Presents”
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Madrasa of Sultan Baybars I al-Bunduqdari (r. 1260-77). 1262-3. Cairo, Egypt.
Madrasa = place of learning
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Stone construction...
Madrasa of Sultan Baybars I al-Bunduqdari (r. 1260-77).
1262-3. Cairo, Egypt.
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The iwan
Madrasa of Sultan Baybars I al-Bunduqdari (r. 1260-77). 1262-3. Cairo, Egypt.
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Multiple “Pasts” & “Presents”
Baybars Madrasa
al-Azhar, 970
Mahdiyya, early 10c
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Materia Medica of Dioscorides. 1224. Attributed to Iraq.
Originally written in Greek, 1st century CE (Roman Empire)...
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Sultan Baybars’ Qur’an, 1304. Cairo.Al-Hariri, Maqamat, 1236-7. Syria/Iraq.
The Distinction of “Religious” and “Secular” Realms - Figuration
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Materia Medica of Dioscorides. 1224. Attributed to Iraq.
Defining “Islamic”...
Competing interpretations of “Islam” through time - friend or foe
The ever-increasing diversity of “Islam”: people, places, ideas, iconographies, styles
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Pilgrim's Canteen. Syria or Northern Iraq. Mid-13th century. Brass, silver inlay.
Pilgrimage = one of the 5 pillars of Islam...
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Pilgrim's Canteen. Syria or Northern Iraq. Mid-13th century. Brass, silver inlay.
Style & Iconography...
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Plate with Hunting Scene, 5th c., Iran, silver & mercury gilding.
Bowl with Females, 3rd-4th c., Iran, silver.
Pilgrim's Canteen. Syria or Northern Iraq. Mid-13th century. Brass, silver inlay.
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Pilgrim's Canteen. Syria or Northern Iraq. Mid-13th century. Brass, silver inlay.Sicily Mantle
Al-Aqmar Mosque, Cairo, 1125
Defining “Islamic”...
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The Reconquista (“Reconquest”)
Berlanga
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Wall painting of camel & other animals, c. 1125.Hermitage of San Baudelio (early 11th century), Berlanga, Spain.
Context....
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Hermitage of San Baudelio (early 11th century), Berlanga, Spain.
Ribat, 796 Monastir, Tunisia.
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Hermitage of San Baudelio (early 11th century), Berlanga, Spain.
Reference?
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Great Mosque, Córdoba, founded mid-8th c.
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Wall painting of camel & other animals, c. 1125.Hermitage of San Baudelio (early 11th century), Berlanga, Spain.
Art as a Primary Source....
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The Alhambra ("The Red"). Founded early 11th century; additions in the 13th and 14th centuries. Granada, Spain.
The Nasrids of Granada, 1238-1492
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The Nasrids of Granada, 1238-1492
Hmm....“Art” as a Primary Source....
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The Alhambra ("The Red"). Founded early 11th century; additions in the 13th and 14th centuries. Granada, Spain.
“A city within itself”....
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Alhambra, Court of the Lions, mid-14th c.
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Alhambra, mid-14th c. additions
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Alhambra, mid-14th c. portion
Cordoba mosque, late-10th c. portion
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Alhambra, Court of the Lions, mid-14th c.
Defining “Islamic”...
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Considerations for Topic 4
1. Competing interpretations of “Islam” through time - friend or foe
2. The ever-increasing diversity of “Islam”: people, places, ideas, iconographies, styles