Download - The air
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How can you tell that the air is around you?
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Can you describe this
picture? A boy sleeping & covered
with a blanket
Do you that Earth has a
blanket too?
Really, How is that?
Yes, It is called
atmosphere
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What is Atmosphere?
- It is a thin blanket of air that surrounds our planet Earth.
- - It is made up of many gases. “Oxygen – Carbon dioxide – ..etc”
It’s a mixture of gases
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WeatherCan you tell the
weather in Christmas time in
USA?
The weather is so cold & snowy
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What is the weather?
It’s the condition of atmosphere at a given time & place
Christmas timeUSA
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- Weather changes depending on many conditions:
Does weather changes?
1 -Time of the day
Example: In the Desert
During the day During the night- The weather is very hot - The weather is cold
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2 -Seasons
SpringIt’s rainy & warm
SummerIt’s hot & sunny
WinterIt’s cold & snowy
AutumnIt’s windy
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3 -Place
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- Measuring the weather depends on many factors:
How to measure weather?
1- Air Temperature2- Wind speed & direction3- Humidity4- Precipitation5- Air pressure
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1 -Air temperature
-It describes how hot or cold the air is.Example: During Summer During Winter - Temperature is high - Temperature is low
-Air Temperature is measured using: Thermometer “ In Celsius / Fahrenheit”
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2 -Wind
Can you
describe
these
pictures?
What’s the weather like in this picture?
There is a strong wind, the weather is windy
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What’s the wind?It’s the moving air
“When the sun heats the surface of the Earth, the surface warms up the air, so the air moves up & the cold air gets down causing the wind”
- We measure the wind speed using: Anemometer- We measure the wind direction using: Wind vane
It points to the direction from which the wind blows
The faster the wind blows, the faster the cups spin
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3 -Humidity
- Some times the air around us feels damp & sticky
like: In Alexandria - This is because of the “Humidity”
{Humidity: is the measure of how much moisture (water vapor)is in the air}
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-The more the water vapor in the air, the more the humidity is in the air.-Examples: Desert Rain forest - Has low humidity - Has high humidity
- We measure the humidity in the air using: Hygrometer
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4 -Precipitation
Any form of water that fall from the clouds is precipitation
Does this mean that
rain is precipitatio
n?
Yes, of course..
And snow too is a kind
of precipitatio
n
I wonder how many kinds of
precipitation are there?
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Kinds of precipitation
Rain Snow Sleet Hail
“Flakes of snowmixed with water
drops”
“Chunks of snow”As the size of small
ballSnow fall as
crystals”
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-We measure the amount of rain fall using: Rain gauge
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5 -Air pressure
Can you tell
what are
these
people
measuring?
- They are measuring their weight “how heavy they are”
Really? How is
that?
Yes, it’s the air
pressure
Do you know that
air has weight too?
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What’s air pressure?- It’s the weight of the air on a certain
area.OR-It’s the force of air pushing on a
certain area.
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- Air pressure is around us, but we don’t feel it.- While, when we go diving or when we are in
an airplane, we fell that our ear is plugged, this is because of the air pressure change.
Examples
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- Particles of the cool air are closer together than the particles of warm air.
- Particles of warm air are not packed together “have less density”.
- So, particles of cool air will weight more than particles of warm air.
So, Cool air has more pressure than warm air
-This why, As we heat air, it’s pressure decrease.
Which has more air pressure?“Cool air / Warm air”
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Where to find high / low pressure ?- As air becomes hot, its particles moves away from each other & air becomes light, so it moves up & its pressure decrease.-While; cold air particles are close together, so air becomes heavy ,it goes down & its pressure increase.-This is why:
As we go up, pressure decrease “because this is where hot air is found”
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(Places with low pressure)
Mountains – Top of buildings
Examples
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(Places with high pressure)
Valleys– Submarines
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- We use a barometer to measure air pressure.
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Remember:Don’t get confused between the barometer &
the hygrometer..