THE BIRTH OF THE MODERN WORLD
Medieval Legacies & The Renaissance
20th Century Europe
14th Century Europe
14th Century Europe
1. 14th Century Europe, Europe in the 1300’s, was not only defined by unfamiliar political borders, but also by a rigid class system. A class system is…
14th Century Europe
1. 14th Century Europe, Europe in the 1300’s, was not only defined by unfamiliar political borders, but also by a rigid class system. A class system is… Hierarchy of people in society determined by
economic, political, & cultural traits. What is a hierarchy? Modern examples in U.S. society? What does it mean by “economic”?
14th Century Europe
1. 14th Century Europe, Europe in the 1300’s, was not only defined by unfamiliar political borders, but also by a rigid class system. A class system is… Hierarchy of people in society determined by
economic, political, & cultural traits. What is a hierarchy? Modern examples in U.S. society? What does it mean by “economic”? Money, trade,
business, markets, supply/demand. What does it mean by “political”?
14th Century Europe
1. 14th Century Europe, Europe in the 1300’s, was not only defined by unfamiliar political borders, but also by a rigid class system. A class system is… Hierarchy of people in society determined by
economic, political, & cultural traits. What is a hierarchy? Modern examples in U.S. society? What does it mean by “economic”? Money, trade,
business, markets, supply/demand. What does it mean by “political”? GOV, officials, policies,
laws, rights, elections. What does it mean by “cultural”?
14th Century Europe
1. 14th Century Europe, Europe in the 1300’s, was not only defined by unfamiliar political borders, but also by a rigid class system. A class system is… Hierarchy of people in society determined by
economic, political, & cultural traits. What is a hierarchy? Modern examples in U.S. society? What does it mean by “economic”? Money, trade,
business, markets, supply/demand. What does it mean by “political”? GOV, officials, policies,
laws, rights, elections. What does it mean by “cultural”? Social values, beliefs,
norms, traditions, practices.
14th Century Europe
The four (4) main classes in 14th Century Europe from top to bottom were…
14th Century Europe
The four (4) main classes in 14th Century Europe from top to bottom were… Nobles, Clergy, Merchants, Peasants.
Nobles
Political Features: Ran GOV/military. Titles were hereditary.
Passed down from generations.
Had most political power.
Nobles
Economic Features: Ran large farming
estates. Had little economic
power.Cultural Features:
Upper Class (elites) w/ little education.
Clergy
Political Features: Ran Catholic Church. Used in GOV as
advisors. Had most spiritual
power.
Clergy
Economic Features: Ran large farming
estates. Had little economic
power.Cultural Features:
Fluid group (in all levels of society) & highly educated.
Merchants
Political Features: Used in GOV as
advisors. Held little political
power.Economic Features:
Controlled trade, banking, markets.
Had most economic power.
Merchants
Cultural Features: Middle Class (not poor,
but no titles). Highly educated &
cultured.
Peasants
Political Features: Had no power & no
rights. Controlled by nobility &
clergy.
Peasants
Economic Features: Worked on farming
estates for little or no pay.
Had most economic power.
Cultural Features: Lower Class w/ no
education. Tied to the land & often
rioted/revolted.
Religion
1. 14th Century Europe was defined by religion. What is religion?
Religion
1. 14th Century Europe was defined by religion. What is religion? Religion, like politics or economics, is an
ideology. Set of beliefs that a group of people follow.
What were the four main religions in 14th Century Europe?
Religion
1. 14th Century Europe was defined by religion. What is religion? Religion, like politics or economics, is an
ideology. Set of beliefs that a group of people follow.
What were the four main religions in 14th Century Europe? Catholicism, Orthodoxy, Islam, Judaism.
Catholicism
Characteristics: Dominant in W. Europe. Led by the Pope. Any famous Catholics
we might know of?
Orthodoxy
Characteristics: Dominant in E. Europe. Divided by ethnic
groups. Any famous Orthodox
Christians we might know of?
Islam
Characteristics: Dominant in Middle
East, Asia, & Africa. Sunni & Shiite groups. Focus on Koran &
Mohammad, Five Pillars of Islam.
Any famous Muslims we might know of?
Judaism
Characteristics: Spread to Europe,
Middle East, & N. America.
Focus on Old Testament & Talmud/Torah.
Persecuted by several religious groups.
Any famous Jewish Americans we might know of?
Religions Breakdown
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
1. The Age of the Renaissance has often been described as…
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
1. The Renaissance has often been described as… A time of rebirth in the
study of Greek & Roman culture, art, architecture, literature, & learning.
The Renaissance…
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
1. The Renaissance has often been described as… A time of rebirth in the
study of Greek & Roman culture, art, architecture, literature, & learning.
The Renaissance… Began in Italy in after the
Black Death. Ended Medieval Era &
began Modern Era. Focused more on humanity
than religion.
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
2. The Black Death… What was it? What were its symptoms? How did it spread? What places did it afflict?
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
2. The Black Death… What was it? What were its symptoms? How did it spread? What places did it afflict? It is important for the
beginning of the Renaissance as the Bubonic Plague devastated most of Europe for decades except for Italy. This left Italy as the only
place that could support the Renaissance, but did not start it.
•Where did the disease spread from/to?•Which areas were most/least affected?•Explain the varying degrees of infection?
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
3. The four (4) main causes of the Renaissance were…
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
Italy was divided into city-states. A city-state is an
independent city controlling its surrounding land. Italy was a divided country w/o a
king or a central GOV.
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
Italy was divided into city-states. A city-state is an independent
city controlling its surrounding land. Italy was a divided country w/o a
king or a central GOV. This allowed for a variety of
artistic thought & expression. Each city-state created pieces of
art in their own way. The downside was the lack of
a common defense vs. outsiders. If a foreign power played city-
states off one another, Italy would fall.
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
City-states were run by merchants & bankers. Merchants focused on
trade, luxurious living, & art. European kings focused on war,
territory, & politics.
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
City-states were run by merchants & bankers. Merchants focused on
trade, luxurious living, & art. European kings focused on war,
territory, & politics. Merchants had extra
income for art & artists. Money attracted scholars &
artists to Italy; the rest of Europe only had farmland.
The downside was if they ran out of money, then the Renaissance would end.
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
Merchants were rich from the Spice Trade w/ Asia. The Spice Trade was the
trade of luxury goods between Europe & Asia. Spices, silk, perfumes, porcelain.
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
Merchants were rich from the Spice Trade w/ Asia. The Spice Trade was the
trade of luxury goods between Europe & Asia. Spices, silk, perfumes, porcelain.
Merchants traded across known land/sea routes w/ Italy as a warehouse for goods. Italy was rich as long as the Spice
Trade remained unblocked. Which routes are by land & which
are by sea? How could you block the Spice
Trade?
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
Italians discovered Greco-Roman writings. Greco-Roman culture was
lost in the West (500’s AD), but survived in the East (Greece).
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
Italians discovered Greco-Roman writings. Greco-Roman culture was
lost in the West (500’s AD), but survived in the East (Greece).
In the 1300’s, the Ottoman Empire invaded Greece forcing Greek scholars to flee to Italy.
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
Italians discovered Greco-Roman writings. Greco-Roman culture was lost
in the West (500’s AD), but survived in the East (Greece).
In the 1300’s, the Ottoman Empire invaded Greece forcing Greek scholars to flee to Italy.
This migration from Greece allowed Italian scholars & merchants to study Classical works. Hence the rebirth of Classical
culture. In essence, Greco-Roman culture
was so old that it became new again.
• Any examples of something old
becoming new & hip again?
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
4. Italian merchants & intellectuals created three new principles that defined the new movement and acted as guidelines for philosophy, art, architecture, & literature. These principles were…
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
Humanism: Study of & focus on
human potential, glory, & understanding by modeling Classical culture.
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
Humanism: Study of & focus on human
potential, glory, & understanding by modeling Classical culture.
It acted as a curriculum for education for elite sons. Rhetoric, arithmetic, grammar,
geometry, & astronomy. W/ education a man could
develop his limitless potential. This was the key to being
respected & influential in this society. W/o it, you were no one.
Renaissance Humanism focused on…
Medieval Christianity focused on…
Human nature to understand God & Nature.
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
Renaissance Humanism focused on…
Medieval Christianity focused on…
Human nature to understand God & Nature.
Humanism & Ancient texts for inspiration & education.
Studying God to understand humans & Nature.
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
Renaissance Humanism focused on…
Medieval Christianity focused on…
Human nature to understand God & Nature.
Humanism & Ancient texts for inspiration & education.
Human potential & dignity.
Studying God to understand humans & Nature.
Christian virtues & the Bible for inspiration & education.
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
Renaissance Humanism focused on…
Medieval Christianity focused on…
Human nature to understand God & Nature.
Humanism & Ancient texts for inspiration & education.
Human potential & dignity.
Living a life modeled after Classical values & desires.
Studying God to understand humans & Nature.
Christian virtues & the Bible for inspiration & education.
Christian humility & giving all glory to God.
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
Renaissance Humanism focused on…
Medieval Christianity focused on…
Human nature to understand God & Nature.
Humanism & Ancient texts for inspiration & education.
Human potential & dignity.
Living a life modeled after Classical values & desires.
Studying God to understand humans & Nature.
Christian virtues & the Bible for inspiration & education.
Christian humility & giving all glory to God.
Life as painful pilgrimage to God.
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
What comparisons do we see between Medieval & Renaissance
ideas?
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
Individualism: Study of & focus on
humans as individuals, developing all aspects of a one’s life.
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
Individualism: Study of & focus on
humans as individuals, developing all aspects of a one’s life.
It emphasized the idea of personal success over the community’s.
Once educated in a Humanistic school, a man sought to gain personal greatness & develop as many talents as he could.
Baldassare Castiglione Niccolo Machiavelli
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
Baldassare Castiglione
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
Wrote The Courtier. Guide to be a Civilized
Man. Taught young men how to
act in all social situations. This idea became known as
a Renaissance Man. This means to be a master
of many skills. Dancing, wrestling, music,
war, arts, math, poetry, hunting, civic duty, oration.
Baldassare Castiglione
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
Wrote The Courtier. Guide to be a Civilized
Man. Taught young men how to
act in all social situations. This idea became known as
a Renaissance Man. This means to be a master
of many skills. Dancing, wrestling, music,
war, arts, math, poetry, hunting, civic duty, oration.
What skills does a person need to be a “Renaissance Man/Woman” today? Why?
What skills does a high school student need to be a “Renaissance Man/Woman” in GRC?
Explain who might be a Renaissance Man/Woman in your life.
What comparisons came we draw between necessary Renaissance skills & modern skills?
Niccolo Machiavelli
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
Wrote The Prince. Guide to Politics &
GOV. Taught young men how
to take & maintain authority in all situations. Basic ideas…
Niccolo Machiavelli
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
Wrote The Prince. Guide to Politics & GOV. Taught young men how
to take & maintain authority in all situations. Basic ideas: GOV does not
follow morality or religion, GOV is good when effective, be both a fox & a lion.
What does all this mean?
Niccolo Machiavelli
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
Wrote The Prince. Guide to Politics & GOV. Taught young men how
to take & maintain authority in all situations. Basic ideas: GOV does not
follow morality or religion, GOV is good when effective, be both a fox & a lion.
What does all this mean?
Let’s answer a few questions about leadership & then Machiavelli.
In preparation for the ACT, we will now read an excerpt from The Prince & answer ten (10) questions about the passage. We will go other this in 10 minutes.
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
Secularism: Study of & focus on the
material (secular) world more than the spiritual world.
The Renaissance (1330-1530)
Secularism: Study of & focus on the
material (secular) world more than the spiritual world.
It advocated living in the here & now, as well as you can. When developing your skill-
set, the goal was to enjoy the benefits of a successful life.
Often times, believing in secularism led to greed, corruption, & selfishness.
W/o strong Christian values, men lost their morality.
Take this time to fill out the ID Terms from this Packet on 1A!