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The blood receiving chambers of the heart are the atria.
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The pumping chambers of the heart are the ventricles.
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Blood returns to the heart from the lungs by means of the pulmonary veins.
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The large artery carrying blood from the left ventricle of the heart is the aorta.
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Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are arteries.
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Blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart are veins.
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On the right side of the heart, the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is the Right AV valve (or tricuspid valve).
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The flaps of the heart valves are anchored to the wall of the ventricles by tissue chords known as Chordae Tendinae.
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Arteries that supply blood to the tissue of the heart itself are the coronary arteries.
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The sinoatrial (SA) node of the heart is found in the wall of the right atrium.
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The second major node of the heart that receives signals from the SA node is called the AV node.
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Heart contraction is also known by the term Systole.
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Heart muscle relaxation is also known by the term Diastole.
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A normal heart rate is approximately 60-100 beats per minute.
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Unusual heart sounds, such as those emitted by poorly functioning valves, are called Heart murmurs.
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The smallest vessels, which carry blood to the cells of the tissues are the capillaries.
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The inner layer of the vein often folds inward to form valves.
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Dilated veins with pooled blood cause a condition known as varicose veins.
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A typical blood pressure reading contains two numbers of which the first number is the systolic pressure and the second number is the diastolic pressue.
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The only arteries of the body that carries oxygen-poor blood are the pulmonary arteries.
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The only veins of the body that carry oxygen-rich blood are the pulmonary veins.
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The fluid portion of the blood is the plasma.
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The major molecule that transports oxygen within red blood cells is hemoglobin.
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Red blood cells are formed in the bone marrow through a process known as hematopoiesis.
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Red blood cells survive and circulate in the human blood stream for approximately 100-120 days.
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The production of red blood cells is regulated by a hormone known as Erythropoietin or EPO.
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Antibodies are produced by white blood cells known as B cells.
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A mass of platelets that patch a hole in a blood vessel is known as a platelet plug.
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The two major types of cells in your lymph nodes are T-lymphocytes (T cells) and B-lymphocytes (B cells).
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Substances capable of stimulating the immune system are known as antigens.
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Foreign organisms are engulfed by macrophages in a process known as phagocytosis.
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The cells needed to activate both B-cells and Killer T-cells are called Helper T-cells.
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Cells that kill virus-infected cells are known as Killer T cells (or Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, CTLs).
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The purpose of the eye is to gather light from the environment and form an image on cells of the retina.
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The nerve that carries impulses from the eye to the brain is the optic nerve.
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The inner coat of the posterior wall of the eye is composed of the retina (or rods and cones).
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The outer wall of the eye consists of the cornea and the sclera.
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The thin, watery fluid in the anterior chamber of the eye is aqueous humor.
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The jellylike substance that fills the posterior chamber of the eye is called vitreous humor.
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The pupil of the eye is an opening in the portion of the eye known as the iris.
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The eyelids are covered on their surfaces by the mucous membrane called the conjunctiva.
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Tears that bathe the eyeball and keep it moist are produced by the lacrimal glands.
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Twilight (dim light) vision is concerned with those retinal cells known as rods.
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Daylight vision and close, detailed vision are permitted by those retinal cells known as cones.
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The place where most cones are concentrated is the fovea.
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The optic disc contains no visual receptors and is therefore called the blind spot.
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The lobe of the brain where visual patterns are interpreted is the occipital lobe.
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The change of the lens shape to focus objects at various distances is under the control of a muscle called the ciliary muscle.
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The middle ear bones, which transmit sound to the inner ear, are known as the ossicles.
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The long, slender tube leading from the pharynx (throat) to the middle ear is the Eustachian tube.
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The snail-like structure of the inner ear is called the cochlea.
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Sound-induced nerve impulses are transmitted to the brain for interpretation over the cochlear branch of the nerve called the vestibulocochlear nerve.
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The five primary tastes are sweet, sour, salty, umami, and bitter.