Download - The Change in Technology in Psychology Dean Davidson School of Psychology University of New England
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The Change in Technology in Psychology
Dean Davidson
School of PsychologyUniversity of New England
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Types of Experiments
• Perception
• Physiological
• Brain function (Cognition)
• Behaviour
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Perception
• StroopBLUE
• Muller Lyer
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Physiological Experiments
Signal Amplifier
Processor Recorder
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Physiological Experiments
KymographEarly (1900s) mechanical recording equipment
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Physiological Experiments
GSR AmplifierValve based, 1950s
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Physiological Experiments
Grass Recorder
Transistor based 1970s
Combined amplifier, processor and Recorder
in the one unit
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Physiological Experiments
Biopac
Transistor & IC based 1990s
Amplifiers feeding into an ADC and processor. Outputted as data files to a PC for processing and display
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Physiological Experiments“Stress-O-Meter”
Silicon Chip 1998 - IC based
“Dumb” hardware given intelligence by a program running on a PC. Analysis and results display
using Excel or SPSS
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Rat Experiments
Control Panel (1960s)
Transistors and logic blocks
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Rat Experiments
Control Panel (1970s)
Transistors and ICs
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Rat Experiments
Serial Interface (1980s) Provides computer control of experiment.
Serial interface was used as it provided signals both to and from the computer.
The computer was either a PDP 11 or PC
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Rat Experiments
Activity box (current).
Signals are sent to and from the box using a digital I/O card, available in kit form
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Rat Experiments
“Sniffy the Rat” Computer simulation used to model rat behaviour.
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Hardware to Software
Jpeg images are now displayed on computer screen and reaction times are measured directly from a press
of a key on the computer keyboard, or via a push button box and interface to the PC parallel port
CardmasterUsed for displaying images for a short amount of time
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Hardware to Software
Now all timing is done by computer programs
Chronoscope -Displayed reaction times
Timer -Turned apparatus on/off for a specified time
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Hardware to Software
Now a sequence of images, rotated by 1 degree or so. These are sequentially displayed on the computer
screen
Spinning Disks
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Hardware to Software
Now done using CRT displays. Limitation is screen refresh rate. 10mS is the minimum
Tachistoscope Displayed images for very small amounts of time
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Hardware to Software
Now easily done on the PC
Muller-Lyer Apparatus
Wooden frame with pulleys and cords. The illusion is presented on white cards
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Hardware to Software
Now, using a sound card on a PC, not only can the reaction time be measured, but also the subjects
response can be recorded
Voice Operated RelayUsed to measure reaction times by the subject speaking
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1930
6SN7 Valve
1 Logic Circuit (with external discrete components)
80mm
10 μS
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1940
6J6 Valve
1 Logic Circuit (with external discrete components)
50mm
1 μS
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1950
Transistor Logic Card
2 Logic Circuits 150mm
10 μS
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1960
Potted Transistor Logic
2 Logic Circuits 50mm
1 μS
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1970
7400 Integrated Circuit
4 Logic Circuits 20mm
100 nS
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1980
Zilog Z80 Microcomputer Chip
100,000 Logic Circuits 50mm
250 nS
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1990
Intel 386DX Microcomputer Chip
1,000,000 Logic Circuits
30mm
20 nS
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Stress O MeterPrinter Data Port
8 bit Digital to Analog Convertor (DAC)
10 mS Time Constant
GSR electrodes
Difference Amplifier
10 mS Time Constant
Games Port
8 bit Analog to Digital Convertor
5 Volts
100K
5 Volts
Charge Resistor
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Voice Operated Relay
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Staffing 1990• Professional Officer -Technical coordination,
PDP11 operations• Technical Officer - Animal house,
Audio Visual, Presentation Graphics
• Technical Officer - Electronics and Computing
• Technical Officer - Electronics and Mechanical
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Staffing present• CSO -Technical coordination,
Computer programming, Computer Support
• Senior TO -Audio Visual, Presentation Graphics Computer Support
• Technical Officer - Computer Support (Part time)
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How do we survive?
• We outsource some of our Computer support and any electronic/mechanical construction.
• No electronic design has been needed in the last four years. We either buy ready made products or build up interfaces from kits.
• All of us are capable of carrying out trivial tasks such as soldering, cable manufacture, etc.
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Future Trends
• Behavioural Genetics
• Brain function mapping
• Web based programs
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Ongoing Technical Support in Psychology
• Large Animal Houses will always need technicians/lab assistants.
• Experiment generator programs can’t do everything.
• And of course, there remains the need for someone to arrange outsourcing both for new projects and breakdowns, or even changing the laser printer toner cartridge.
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Future Trends
• Less requirement for “manual” trades.
• Greater need for computer training
• Greater need for understanding the discipline
• Greater need for interpersonal and team skills
• More interesting and varied work
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