Download - The Civil Rights Movement
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The Civil Rights Movement
G/E
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1940’s N.A.A.C.P focuses on legal cases/court
system (Thurgood Marshall) C.O.R.E (Congress of Racial Equality)-non-
violence started 1942 Jackie Robinson 1947 Desegregation of armed forces 1948
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Emmett Till
1955: 14 years old from Chicago Accused of whistling at a white store owner’s wife
while visiting grandfather in Mississippi Taken from bed and beaten, eyes gouged out, and
drown him by tying a cotton gin fan around his neck
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Rosa Parks Refused to give up
her seat for a white passenger and was arrested
Led to a boycott of the buses for almost a year
Boycott: do not use the goods or services
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Martin Luther King Jr. 26 yrs old during
Montgomery Bus Boycott
1st President of Southern Christian leadership Conference (SCLC)
March on Washington August 1963
-200,000 people -I Have a Dream Speech
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Little Rock Nine 1957 9 high school
students are stopped form attending a desegregated high school in Arkansas
Governor calls out National Guard
President Eisenhower calls out US Army
Who has higher power?
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1950’s 1954: Brown v. Board 1955: Emmitt Till 1955: Montgomery Bus Boycott 1957: S.C.L.C formed led by M.L.K 1957: Little Rock Nine
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Segregation 2 Types:-DeJure Segregation: by law (Jim Crow
Laws)-DeFacto Segregation: done by practice or
custom-not by law
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Do you think you could practice non-violence?
What if someone was using violence against you?
Questions:
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SNCC Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee: started in North Carolina and then spread
-college students of different races
Woolworth Sit-In Also participated in
Freedom Rides, March on Washington, etc
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Police TacticsDogs
Fire Hoses
Tear Gas
Clubs
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Freedom Riders Bus rides that took
students into the South to help desegregate public facilities like train stations, etc.
Many arrested or killed
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Birmingham Church Bombing
Sept. 15, 1963: Sunday morning bomb thrown into basement Baptist Church
Tension over registering to vote
Killed four girls Done by KKK Turning point-seen on
color tv in North Not until 2000-two out
of four men serve sentences
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Voting Precedents 13th Amendment 1865: abolished slavery 14th Amendment 1868: equal protection
under the law 15th Amendment 1870: can not
discriminate against race (voting men) 19th Amendment 1920 : women get the
right to vote
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How do You Prevent African American from Voting?
Literacy Test Make it difficult to
register Poll Tax Grandfather Clause
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Voting Voter Education
Project (VEP) 1962-CORE, SNCC Helped encourage
African Americans to register to vote
Freedom Summer: college students mainly from Ohio go to Mississippi to help register voters and teach summer school -reading/math/history
Andrew Goodman, James Chaney, Mike Schwerner
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Selma Marches First on March 7,
1965 also known as “Bloody Sunday”
Second on March 9th
The third started on March 23 made it 51 miles
Fighting for voting rights
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Desegregating Colleges
University Georgia 1961: Charlayne Hunter & Hamilton Holmes
University Mississippi 1962: James Meredith
Riots erupted Later shot & lived
helping blacks register to vote
University Alabama 1963: Vivian Malone & James Hood•Governor Wallace tries to stop
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Malcolm X Became a Black
Muslim in prison Replaced last
name with X defied the sign of slavery by taking your owner’s last name
Believed non-violence useless
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Malcolm X Went on pilgrimage to
Mecca Returned and realized
Elijah teachings were wrong and switched to non-violence
Shot 21 times Audubon Ballroom in Washington Heights, NY
Killed Feb. 21, 1965 by three members of the Nation of Islam while giving a speech
www.pbs.org
Thomas Hagan Paroled 2010
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Black Panthers A movement that
came from the SNCC when Stokely Carmichael separated from the group in late 1960s
Believed nonviolence not working and became a militant group mainly against police brutality
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Black Power Salute 1968 Mexico City
Olympics John Carlos and
Tommie Smith do the Power to the People Salute
Stripped of medals only recently returned
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Laws that Changed Civil Rights History
Civil Rights Act 1964: -Signed by President
Lyndon B. Johnson-Made Jim Crow laws
illegal-Can not discriminate in
public places, desegregated schools, can not discriminate in jobs, etc.
***Turning Point in the Civil Rights Movement
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Laws that Changed Civil Rights History
Voting Rights Act 1965: made poll tax and literacy tests illegal & stated can not discriminate against race when voting
-Only federal employees can register people to vote not community members
24th Amendment: made poll taxes illegal
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Should the government be able to tell you who you can be friends with?
Should the government be able to tell you who you can marry?
Questions:
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Loving vs. Virginia 1967 Mildred and Richard Loving
went to D.C. to marry since it was illegal in Virginia
Cops raided home and arrested them
Overthrew Racial Integrity Act 1924
Made restricts on interracial marriage illegal
How many of you or your friends can now exist?
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Martin Luther King www.pbs.org
April 4, 1968 Killed by James Earl Ray
on balcony hotel
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Laws that Changed Civil Rights Movement
Civil Rights Act 1968: Banned discrimination in housing