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The Civil War
1861-1865
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Questions for Reading
• Who debated? What were they running for? What was the key issue they debated? Who won the election?
• What happened at Harpers Ferry?
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Review
• What were the two ways that the U.S. acquired territory west of the Mississippi River?
• A = La. Purchase & War w/ Mexico.
• What was the significance of Marbury v. Madison?
• A = Established precedent of judicial review.
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Mo Review• Describe the Pro-slavery argument.
• What was the Dred Scott case?
• What were the three compromises arrived at as the country expanded west?
• A = Missouri comp.; Comp. of 1850; and the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
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Some Mo Review
• What was “Popular Sovereignty”?
• What was “Bleeding Kansas”?
• Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin and why was it upsetting to people In the South?
• Who were the two most famous abolitionists?
• A = Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison
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Sectional Tension
• Westward Expansion and slavery.
• Remember:– Missouri Compromise– Compromise of 1850– Kansas-Nebraska Act
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The Dred Scott Case (1857)
• Slave who sued for his freedom because he had been taken by his master to free states.
• Supreme Court ruled:– A. Slaves are not citizens.– B. Government does not have the
right to prevent slavery in territories (Missouri compromise is thus unconstitutional).
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John Brown• Radical Abolitionist.
• Leads a raid on Harper’s Ferry (1859).
• Wanted to give weapons to slaves so they could rebel.
• Is captured and hung.
• Anti-slave people call him a martyr.
• South considers him to be crazy.
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Lincoln-Douglas Debates• 1858 Senate race in Illinois.
• Series of debates between the candidates—Republican Abe Lincoln and Democrat Stephen Douglas.
• Main issue they debate is what to do about the issue of slavery in the western territories.
• Douglas win the election, but Lincoln becomes famous throughout the country.
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Lincoln-Douglas Debates
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The Election of 1860
• Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate for President, is against the extension of slavery into the western territories.
• Does not think blacks are equal to whites but thinks slavery is bad for white self-making.
• Some in the South say that they will secede (leave the Union) If he is elected President.
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Election of 1860
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Lincoln wins
• The South secedes.
• They form The Confederate Sates of America.
• Some southern “Border” states stay in the union.
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The Beginning of the fighting
• South Carolina attacks Fort Sumter April 12, 1861.
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Northern Advantages
• More Manufacturing
• More Railroads
• Larger Population
• Mo Money
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Southern Advantages
• Better Military Leadership
• Can fight a Defensive war
• Fighting in cause they believe in.
• Cotton
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Modern Warfare
• First “modern War.”
• Ironclads
• Landmines
• Repeating Weapons
• Improved artillery• Railroad & Telegraph
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Northern Leaders
• Pres. Abe Lincoln
• Generals:
– U.S. Grant
– William T. Sherman
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Southern Leaders
• President: Jefferson Davis
• General Robert E. Lee
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Northern Goals
• Preserve the Union—NOT TO END SLAVERY
• Key Strategy—Naval Blockade
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Draft Riots
• Both the Union and the Confederacy begin to draft soldiers.
• Rich people could buy their way out of it or hire substitutes.
• In New York, there were draft riots (mostly poor Irish).
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The Emancipation Proclamation
• In 1862, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation that threatened to free slaves in any territory still in rebellion by 1863.
• Only takes effect as the Union army captures Confederate territory.
• Important symbolically because it now made the war about ending slavery.
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Andersonville
• Southern Prisoner of War Camp
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Facts about the Civil War
• 1861-1865— North Wins.
• More than 600,000 Americans die.
• Lincoln is assassinated
• Slaves are freed by 13th Amendment
• South Destroyed by “Total War.”
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Lee Surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House
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Review
• What was the cause of sectional tension between the North and the South?
• Who was John Brown and how was he viewed by the North and the South?
• What political party did Abe Lincoln belong to?
• What were Lincoln’s feelings about African Americans and Slavery?
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• Why did the Southern states begin to secede?
• What was the beginning of fighting during the Civil War?
• What were the Northern advantages when the war broke out?
• What were the Southern advantages?
• Who was the President of the South during the Civil War?
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• Why were there draft riots in the North?
• What was Andersonville?
• How did the “Emancipation Proclamation” change the purpose of the war?
• Who won the Civil War and what years was it fought?
• Describe the Dred Scott case.