The Cold WarA Bipolar World
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Cold War Confrontation
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Division of GermanyAfter WWII
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After WWI After WWII
Political Flawed Weimar Republic De-Nazified;Democratic WestCommunist East
War Indemnities
Exorbitant - to Allies and Belgium
Loss of colonies and Alsace-Lorraine
Potsdam Conference: Each Allied power could extract from their portion of Germany
Loss of territories taken by Hitler
Military German military effectively scrapped
Allies take care of military needs of their regions
“Peace-keepers”
Ineffective League of NationsTerms of Treaty of VersaillesBritain & France
US and USSR
Strategic alliances (Warsaw Pact, NATO)
Threat of Atomic Warfare (WWIII)
Treatment of Germany:
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Europe After the Second World War
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Leads to Origins of the Cold War
• Soviets want to rebuild economy using German industry
• Allies agreed to divide Germany temporarily• Soviets wanted a “buffer”• Americans wanted “self-determination”
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Japan/Asia
• Territory loss•New constitution
• Emperor •Demilitarized•Minimal war crimes
• 1951 - Regains independence
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United Nations
• What role did the UN play in the Cold War?• How successful was/is the UN in preventing
international conflicts?• How did the decolonization of Africa and Asia affect
the General Assembly? Size? Focus? Impact on “superpowers”?
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It’s Always about Money!
• Capitalism•IMF•World Bank•Marshall Plan•EU
• Communism•Closed•State
Allocated•Government
determined prices, production, distribution
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Cold War Battles
•Diplomatic wars—fought through other nations
•No direct fighting•“The enemy of my enemy is my
friend” •For the US: If your not a
Communist, it’s all good.
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Nuclear Weapons
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What’s at stake?
•Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)
•Nuclear Winter
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Eastern Europe
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Hungarian Revolution1956
Hungarian Revolution, 1956
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15Soviets in Czechoslovakia
Soviets in Czechoslovakia
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16
Korea•China and
USSR vs. U.S. and South Korea
•38th parallel—still divided?
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Fidel Castro returns to Havana
18Cuban missile crisis
Cuban missile crisis
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19
Vietnam
• France leaves 1954
• Communist N. Vietnam invades S. Vietnam
• U.S. at war from 1963(?) to 1975
• Impact on Cold War?
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Vietnamese at warVietnamese at war
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21
Jomo Kenyatta
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Nkrumah opening parliament
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Juan O'Gorman, Credit Transforms Mexico
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New World Classifications
•“First World” Countries•“Second World” Countries •“Third World” Countries •“Fourth World” Countries
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Bandung Conference
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Saudi riches
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Middle East Oil and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1947-1973