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The Commission on Ecosystem Management and
the Ecosystem Approach
Presentation to the Chinese Academy of Science
Beijing, 15th of September 2010
Piet Wit
Chair of CEM/IUCNhttp://iucn.org/cem
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Content
• Background P.Wit
• Introduction CEM/IUCN– Governance and structure
– Thematic groups
– Results
– Future plans
• The Ecosystem Approach– CBD
– 12 principles
– 5 steps
– Rapid Ecological Appraisal
• Questions
http://iucn.org/cem
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1971: M.Sc. Wageningen; Agriculture and Grasslandhusbandry.
Work in > 40 countries, notably in NL, West Africa and Central Asia.
Agriculture, Nature Conservation and Forestry, Water Management, Education.
Chair of CEM/IUCN
Background Piet Wit
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The IUCN Commission on Ecosystem Management
(CEM)
Provides expert guidance on integrated approaches to the management of natural and modified ecosystems to promote
biodiversity conservation and sustainable development.
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Governance & Structure
• Lead by the Chair
• Steering Committee (4 members + Chair)
• Supported by secretariat (EcosystemManagement Programme, IUCN)
• Regional Vice Chairs (13)
• Thematic Group Leads (20)
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Governance & Structure (2)
Steering Committee, regional responsabilities:
•Chair (Piet Wit):• Western Europe (RVC Hein Rune Skjoldal)• Eastern Europe and Central Asia (RVC Kalev Sepp)
•Deputy Chair (Angela Andrade):• North America (RVC Steve Edwards)• Meso-America (RVC Bernal Herrera Fernandes)• South America (RVC Roberto Vides-Almonacid)
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Governance & Structure (3)
Steering Committee, regional representations:
• SC member for Africa (Masse Lô):• West Africa (RVC Edouard Bonkoungou)• Central Africa (RVC Corneille Ewango)• South and East Africa (RVC Hillary Masundire)
• SC member for Asia (Said Damhoureyeh):• West Asia (RVC Samira Omar)• South Asia (RVC Drhubajyoti Ghosh)• North-East Asia (RVC Shoichi Kawano)
• SC member for Oceania (Kelvin Passfield)• Oceania (RVC Milika Naquasima Sobey)• South-East Asia (RVC Annadel Cabanban)
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Governance & Structure (4)
• National Focal Points in 3 countries (e.g. Dr. Yu Xiubo for China)
• Special Advisors and focal points for Ecosystem Approach, Arctic, Antarctic, Culture and EM, Urban systems
• Commission representatives in intercommissionalwork (e.g. Disaster facility), or to represent IUCN (e.g. Green Capital of Europe)
• Task Forces may be initiated for a limited period to tackle an upcoming issue (e.g. Mexican Gulf OilSpill)
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Thematic groups S.C. Focal Point Piet Wit:
• Ecosystems Red List (TGL Jon Paul Rodriguez)
• Disaster Risk Reduction (TGL Karin Sudmeier)
• Ecosystem Services (TGL Dolf de Groot)
• Connectivity (TGL Graham Bennett)
• Mountain Ecosystems (TGL Martin Price)
• Holarctic Steppes (TGL Tatyana Bragina)
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Thematic groupsS.C. Focal Point Angela Andrade
• Ecosystem Approach (TGL Olivier Hamerlynck)
• Grassland Ecosystems in Latin America (TGL Robert Hofstede)
• Ecosystem based Adaptation to Climate change (TGL Roberto Cazolla)
• Wetland ecosystems (TGL Mike Acreman)
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Thematic groupsS.C. Focal Point Masse Lô
• Capacity building for Ecosystem Management (TGL Sosten Chiotha)
• Dryland Ecosystems (TGL Lene Poulsen)
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Thematic groupsSC focal point Said Damhoureyeh:
• Nutrient Flows (TGL Arthur Nonomura)
• Ecosystem restoration (TGL Keith Bowers)
• Ecosystems and the Private Sector (TGL Eros Artuso)
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Thematic groupsS.C. member Oceania
• Coastal ecosystems (TGL Richard Kensington)
• Fisheries Expert Group (TGL Serge Garcia)
• Urban Ecosystems (TGL Li Feng)
• Island ecosystems (TGL Arthur Dahl)
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For Members (± 500)
• Regular newsletters and email updates regarding relevant research, workshops, activities and collaborative opportunities
• Seed funding for relevant members’ workshops, conferences and initiatives
• Opportunity to network with other experts in focused areas of ecosystem management
• Contribution to IUCN and CEM’s publications, scientific papers and research activities
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Key-Results “Maltby Era” (1996 – 2000)
Input into international policy processes, in particular the CBD
Innovative approaches
Sibthorpe principles
Red List of Ecosystems
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Key-Results “Masundire Era” (2000 - 2008)
• Consolidation input into CBD
• Making the Ecosystem Approach palatable
Application Malawi principles
5 step approach
New themes: Restoration, Ecosystem Services, Indicators
CEM Ecosystem Management Series
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Starting points 2008
• Mobilising the membership, stimulating initiatives by CEM-members including through:
• Seed-money
• New thematic groups
• Promoting the integration of young professionals into CEM
• Flagship Products:
– Red List of Ecosystems
– Ecosystem Services
– EbA case studies
– Tropical Andean Partnership (Meso- and Latin America)
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Highlights from individual TGs
• Climate adaptation: Support to IUCN’s engagement in Copenhagen, through successful influence on incorporating ecosystem management into the adaptation negotiations.
• Ecosystem Red List – publication accepted by Journal on Conservation Biology, regional workshops, collaboration with SUR.
• Ecosystems and Disasters – contribution to ISDR Global Platform and 2011 Global Assessment Report. CEM Publication Environmental Guidance note for Disaster Risk Reduction (Ecosystem Management Series #8)
• Fisheries Expert Group activities much appreciated in SBSTTA (Nairobi) and invited for Nagoya
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Highlights from Regional activities
• Latin and Meso-America: Learning Community on the EsA; Application EsA in Biosphere Reserves
• North America and Latin America: Professional platforms
• W.Europe: Green Capital of Europe
• E.Europe: Conference Tallinn
• South-East Asia: Proposals on coastal ecosystems
• South Africa: Capacity building in Baviaanskloof
• South Asia: Workshop in India
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Future plans
• Promote Intercommission collaboration, (e.g. disaster preparedness)
• Strengthening the membership in weak regions (e.g. Central Africa)
• Serving the IUCN membership through collaboration with regional offices, fine-tuning with national committees ,etc.
• Capacity building
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Possible points of attention for CEM in China
• Ecosystem based Disaster management
• Ecosystem based adaptation to Climate Change, incl. restoration and connectivity
• Urban ecosystems
• Ecosystems Red List
• Payment for Ecosystem Services
• Ecosystems and the private sector
• Capacity building, education and training
http://iucn.org/cem
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First World Congress on Ecosystem Management
• > 1000 participants
• > 1.000.000 $
• Theme of the conference to be decided, but likely to be on Conservation and Wise-Use of Ecosystems
• Candidate countries: Russia, Brazil, India, CHINA
http://iucn.org/cem
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The ecosystem approach
http://iucn.org/cem
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Convention on Biological Diversity (Rio de Janeiro, 1992)
Ecosystem:A dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro/organism communities and their non-living environment interacting as a functional unit
Ecosystem Approach: A strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way.
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Ecosystem Approach
12 principles (CBD)
5 steps (IUCN/CEM)
REA: 3 sub-systems
• Physical
• Socio-economical
• Institutional
Resource base(physical system)
Resource management
(Institutional System)
Resource use(Socio-economic
System)
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12 principles of Ecosystem Management
• Workshop in Malawi
• Predecessors, a/o:– Integrated Water Management
– Forest Certification
– Integrated Rural Development
– Sibthorpe Principles
• Endorsed in Nairobi (COP-8)
• Tested a/o in Latin America(Published in CEM-series): “Principles” form a good framework for analysis.
http://iucn.org/cem
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5 steps approach
• Based on an analysis of the Principles by Gill Sheperd (CEM)
• published in CEM-series
http://iucn.org/cem
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Step A: Determining Ecosystem stakeholders and area
• Principle 1: The objectives of management of land, water and living resources are a matter of societal choice
• Principle 7: The ecosystem approach should be undertaken at the appropriate spatial and temporal scales.
• Principle 11: The ecosystem approach should consider all forms of relevant information, including scientific and indigenous and local knowledge, innovations and practices
• Principle 12: The ecosystem approach should involve all relevant sectors of society and scientific disciplines.
http://iucn.org/cem
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Step B: Ecosystem structure,
function and management
• Principle 2: Management should be decentralized to the lowest appropriate level
• Principle 5: Conservation of ecosystem structure and functioning, in order to maintain ecosystem services, should be a priority target of the ecosystem approach
• Principle 6: Ecosystems must be managed within the limits of their functioning
• Principle 10: The ecosystem approach should seek the appropriate balance between, and integration of conservation and use of biological diversity http://iucn.org/cem
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Step C: Economic Issues
• Principle 4: Recognizing potential gains from management there is usually a need to understand and manage the ecosystem in an economic context. Any such ecosystem management programme should:
– Reduce those market distortions that adversely affect biological diversity;
– Align incentives to promote biodiversity conservation and sustainable use;
– Internalise costs and benefits in the given ecosystem to the extent feasible.
http://iucn.org/cem
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Step D: Adaptive management over space
• Principle 3: Ecosystem managers should consider the effects (actual or potential) of their activities on adjacent and other ecosystems.
• Principle 7: The ecosystem approach should be undertaken at the appropriate spatial and temporal scales.
http://iucn.org/cem
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Step E: Adaptive management over
time
• Principle 7: The ecosystem approach should be undertaken at the appropriate spatial and temporal scales.
• Principle 8: Recognising the varying temporal scales and lag effects that characterise ecosystem processes, objectives for ecosystem management should be set for the long term.
• Principle 9: Management must recognise that change is inevitable.
http://iucn.org/cem
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REA, Step 1Assessing the resource base
( the physical system)
Abiotic factors:• Weather and climate• Geology and geomorphology. • Soils and soil fertility. • Hydrology and geo-hydrology
Biotic factors:• Flora and vegetation• Fauna• Man
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REA, step 2:Assessing resource use
(the socio-economic system)
Extractive uses:•Land systems based:•Water systems based
Non-extractive uses•Conservation, Nature Protection •Tourism and recreation• Scientific research•Cultural use.
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REA, step 3:Assessing resource management:
institutions and regulations
(the institutional system)
• Modern state representations
•Traditional authorities
•Moral authorities
•Economic powers
•The international Community
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REA, step 4:Adaptive management
To analyse the potential impacts of proposed activities, go over step 1, 2 and 3 again:
•Positive and negative impacts
•On-site and off-site impacts.
•Impacts during and after (re-)construction.
•Direct and indirect (induced) impacts.
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Thank you!
Questions?