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The Consequences of Not Managing Groundwater in Wisconsin:
The Central Sands as Case Study
George J. Kraft, University of Wisconsin – Stevens Point and University of Wisconsin - Extension
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jsonline.com
clearlake-wi.gov
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No Pumping
With Pumping
West Stream East Stream
West StreamEast Stream
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The Wisconsin Overview
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Irrigation Publicsupply
IndustrialOther Ag Other
Wisconsin 2012 Groundwater Hi-Cap Well Pumping - 278 Billion Gallons
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Wisconsin’s de facto Groundwater Pumping Policy?
“It’s permissible for any lake, stream, or wetland to be dried by groundwater pumping, if not by a single well*, by the cumulative effects of many wells.”
*Pending possible change by the legislature.
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Central Sands
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With ½ the land area irrigated,
during droughts:
- pumping will dry headwaters streams
- water levels will decline an extra 4 - 5 feet on top of “natural” decline
1970 –
Irrigation Impacts Predicted
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Low Lake Levels, Reduced Streamflows...
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Little Plover (Dried up in stretches 2005-2009; and below Public Rights Stage most of the time)
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Long Lake Oasis, Waushara County
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Long Lake Oasis, Waushara County
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Pickerel Lake, Portage County
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Wolf Lake
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Stoltenberg Cr., Portage Co
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Plainfield Lk, Waushara Co
Washburn Lake, Waushara County
Pumpkinseed Lk, Waushara Co
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Pumping or ….???
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Pumping or ….???
Record drought!
Trees!
Climate change!
Impervious surface!
“It can’t be pumping, it has to be something else"!
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Average Water Level Decline from Pumping
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Shallow lake/wetland gone dry
Deep lake becoming Shallow
Shallow lake/wetland gone dry
Shallow lake turned wetland or dry
Shallow lake turned wetland or dry
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We Fiddle While Rome Burns
“Killer Trees!” (and other spurious causes)
“We just don’t know about …”
“More study!”
“Solutions” that don’t solve anything.
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Not Just a Central Wisconsin Issue…
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Lake Beulah
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Chetek Lakes Region
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White Bear Lake, MN (USGS study)
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St. Croix Federal Wetland District
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