Download - The Context of Education in North Carolina
The Context of Education in North Carolina
Today We’ll Look At…
Just the numbers (i.e., schools, students, employees)
The changing face of our students A look at their teachers A brief glance at how we’re doing Examining who pays for what Major challenges facing N.C. schools The impact local officials/citizens can make
Let’s Start With the Numbers
115 School Systems 2,400-Plus School Buildings 1.46 Million Public School Students 163,492 (10.3%) Students in Private or Home
Schooling 97,676 Teachers 187,463 Total Number of School Employees
Now Let’s Look at Our Students…
1.46 Million Students
1.4% Indian2.3% Asian9.9% Hispanic31.2% African-American55.2% White
48.4% Classified as Economically Disadvantaged (Free/Reduced Lunch)
If We Then Look at TeachersIt’s a Different Demographic
“Average NC Teacher”:
white (83%) female (80%) age 42 with approximately 13
years of experience Break in service due to
child-care
83%
15%
3%
58%
31%
11%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
White Black Other
TeachersStudents
Let’s Take a Brief Look at How We’re Doing…
NC Public School Students (Grades 3-8) At or Above Grade Level Under ABCs Program
63.4%66.2%68.9%70.9%72.7%
76.7%79.2%80.1%82.0%84.4%88.7%
75.9%
32.0%34.5%36.2%38.4%
49.4%52.0%56.5%
67.7%
40.0%43.5%
61.2%
80.9%81.3%80.8%
52.9%55.5%58.1%60.0%
61.7%66.3%69.1%69.8%71.7%74.6%
63.9%
73.5%
89.0%89.2%
67.2%66.9%
48.5%44.7%
30.1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Year
% a
t o
r a
bo
ve
gra
de
lev
el
State White Black
NC’s Gains on SAT Scores Lead the Nation
948952
961964 964
970976 978
982986 988
992998
100610101008
1004
1001 999 100110031003
10101013
101610171016101910201020
102610261028
10211017
1001
900
910
920
930
940
950
960
970
980
990
1000
1010
1020
1030
1040
NC US* scores recenteredSource: College Board
(53 points)
(13 points)
Who Pays for What?
64.8%
25.0%
10.2%
State Federal Local
$7.37 B
$1.16 B
$2.84 B
Source: DPI, Financial & Business Services, Highlights of the 2006-07 NC Public School Budget, February 2008
Who Pays For What?
2007-08 Federal Funds Provide ($2.84 B)Title I – all programs ($328.6 m)
Child Nutrition ($325.0 m)
Children w/ Special Needs ($297.0 m)
Teacher Quality ($62.4 m)
Vocational Education ($21.8 m)
Technology Grants ($5.8 m)
After School Programs ($20.9 m)
Safe & Drug Free Schools ($5.8 m)
2007-08 Local Funds Provide ($1.16 B)
Additional teachers, instructional support & teacher
assistants (11,432 positions)
Central Office Administrators (33.6% of total)
Salary Supplements (4 @ $5,000+, Average=$1,993, 5 @ $0)
School Construction, Maintenance & Debt Service
Utilities, Housekeeping, Technology, & Garage Costs
2007-08 State Funds Provide ($7.37 B)
Instructional Personnel ($4.1 B)
At-Risk Student Services ($220.3 m)
Children w/ Special Needs ($663.3 m)
Transportation ($360.6 m)
Low-Wealth supplemental funds ($195.4 m)
ABCs Bonus ($70 m)
Limited English Proficient ($61.2 m)
School Machinery Act & School Budget and Fiscal Control Act
(Responsibilities Are Blurred)
State=current expense & programs
Counties Paid for 6,621 teachers (7%)
3,052 teacher assistants (10.6%)
2,276 instructional support (17.9%)
437 administrators (25.8%)
(16.2% of all personnel)
Counties=capital (building & maintenance)
State Has Paid $2 Billion for capital outlay since 1995 (25% of the total)
However, We Are A Low Spending State When Compared to Others
Ranking Per-Pupil Expenditures by State$10,0
42
$7,1
13
$7,8
46
$5,4
74
$7,9
35
$9,3
65
$11,8
74
$11,3
24
$7,1
55
$8,8
82
$8,9
97
$7,6
10
$6,8
63
$9,3
27
$8,9
24
$7,7
17
$8,0
05
$7,6
56
$11,6
54
$9,2
81 $10,7
23
$9,6
32
$9,2
49
$7,3
81
$6,5
65 $8,0
25
$7,3
77
$7,5
86
$9,5
55
$13,3
70
$8,1
78
$12,8
79
$9,5
57
$8,0
98
$10,2
23
$10,6
41
$7,7
66
$7,5
36
$6,8
81
$7,3
10
$5,0
32
$8,7
29
$11,6
67
$7,6
83
$9,7
55
$9,4
61
$10,3
72
$7,3
92
$6,7
09
$6,6
14
$-
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
$8,000
$9,000
$10,000
$11,000
$12,000
$13,000
$14,000
$15,000
AK
AL
AR
AZ
CA
CO CT
DE
FL
GA HI
IA ID IL IN KS
KY LA
MA
MD
ME
MI
MN
MO
MS
MT
NC
ND
NE
NH NJ
NM
NV
NY
OH
OK
OR
PA RI
SC
SD
TN TX
UT
VA
VT
WA
WI
WV
WY
114330492917 3 642232135451822322834 519 7132039482738403615 12546 214472610 8313744415024 4331216 9
state (rank)
per-
pupil
expendit
ure
s
NC ranks 38=$7,392
US average=$8,717
Source: Public School Forum based upon NEA, Rankings and Estimates Update (Dec. 2007)
The Challenges We Face Are Daunting…
NC’s Educational Pipeline:
For every 100 ninth grade students….
60 complete high school 4 years later
41 of those enroll in college
29 of those return to college for their 2nd year
Just 19 receive an associate’s degree within 3 years, or a bachelor’s within 6 years
Then There is Growth…
8.5 million population expected to grow to 12.5 million in 20 years
Adding over 25,000 K-12 students per year
4 of 100 counties account for over 50% of the growth
27 counties have lost K-12 students in the last 5 years
Student Performance is Leveling Off or Dropping…
1992-93--2004-05 Students At or Above Grade Level, Grades 3-8
63.4%66.2%
68.9%70.9%
72.7%76.7%
79.2% 80.1%82.0%
84.4%88.7% 89.2% 89.0%
52.9%55.5%
58.1% 60.0%
66.3%69.1% 69.8% 71.7%
74.6%
80.8% 81.3% 80.9%
30.1% 32.0%34.5% 36.2% 38.4%
44.7%48.5% 49.4%
52.0%56.5%
66.9% 67.7% 67.2%
61.7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
% a
t or
above g
rade l
evel
White State BlackSource: DPI , Accountability Services
2007 AYP Results
In 2007, 44.7 percent(1,036) of all schools met AYP. However, 62.1 percent (1,440) of all North Carolina public schools met at least 90 percent of their AYP targets. Another 19.2 percent (445 schools) met 80-89.9 percent of their AYP targets.
Teacher Supply/Demand Issues Continue to Grow
Teacher & instructional support personnel in NC grew from 56,000 in 1980-81 to 109,108 in 2006-07.
Student enrollment is increasing over 20,000 new students each year and will continue to increase for next 10 years; NC will need 100,000 new teachers over the next decade.
2,106 teachers retired in 2006-07 (86% full benefits, 14% reduced benefits)….represents 16.5% of those that left teaching.
The turnover rate in 2006-07 was 12.58%
The Quality Issue… 1/5th Take Nontraditional Routes to Teaching
Source of New Teacher Hires
Out-of-State Teachers
43%
Lateral Entry22%
Recent In-State Grads
35%
Source: NC DPI
And Of Course There is the Economy…
The Office of the Governor(bully pulpit, budget proposals & veto)
State Board of Education General Assembly(budget recommendations; responsible for (power of purse strings rules and regulations, curriculum & testing) & frequently pass
educational policies)
Local Boards of Education(hire superintendent, propose local education budgets,determine attendance lines, can initiate major changes
like year-round schooling or magnet schools or afterschool programs, determine resource allocationsto schools, set local personnel policies, establish
goals for system)
County Commissioners(power of purse strings; approve/deny school boardbudget requests; set bond referendums, rarely, but
can weigh in on instructional/policy issues)
Let’s End this Overview by Looking at Who Does What
While Many Decisions Are Made at the State or Federal Level, Local Officials Decide:
Who Will Lead the Schools Resource Allocation (teachers, technology, etc.) Whether Schools Will be Innovative How Schools are Organized Local Accountability Measures Whether to Create Incentives Approaches to Teaching
Decisions in Raleigh and in Washington, D.C. Greatly Impact Schools
But…
Education Happens in the Classroom, within Schools
Local Decisions Shape the Nature of Education
They Make the Difference
John [email protected]