Download - The Crime Scene
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The Crime Scene
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How Are Your Observation Skills?This activity demonstrates our ability to remember details
accurately. Testimony about personal experience is frequently used
during an investigation. How accurately do people remember what they have
seen? What factors may play a role in what we can remember
and describe about something we have witnessed? Consider these questions as you do the following activity.
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Directions:1. Observe the picture for exactly 30 seconds.
Look at everything you think might be important.
2. After 30 seconds, answer the questions3. How observant were you? Compare your
answers to the picture.
READY
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Questions1. What time was it on the clock? 2. How many people were in the scene? How many males?
females? 3. Describe the person at the front of the line. Was it a man or a
woman? Was he or she wearing a hat? What kind of clothes was the person wearing? Could you tell how tall the person was? Did he or she have any distinguishing features?
4. What day of the month was it? 5. Did you notice anything unusual in the picture?
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Did you know?Eyewitness misidentification is the single greatest cause
of wrongful convictions nationwide, playing a role in more than 75% of conviction overturned through DNA testing
Still, the criminal justice system relies on eyewitness identification and testimony for investigating and prosecuting crimes
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Crime Scene VocabularyCrime Scene: Any physical
location in which a crime has occurred or is suspected of having occurred
Primary Crime Scene: The original location of a crime or accident
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Vocabulary cont….Suspect: Person thought to be
capable of committing a crimeAccomplice: Person associated
with someone suspected of committing a crime
Alibi: Statement of where a suspect was at the time of a crime
Physical Evidence: Encompasses any and all objects that can establish that a crime has been committed or can provide a link between a crime and its victim or crime and its perpetrator
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Approaching a crime sceneFirst priority should be
given to obtaining medical assistance for individuals in need of it and to arresting the perpetrator
Personal safety and the well being of victims
Preserve and isolate the crime scene
Record the crime scene
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Crime scene personnelPolice officersTypically the first to arrive at
a crime sceneThey are responsible for
securing the scene so no evidence is destroyed and detaining persons of interest in the crime
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Personnel cont….CSI unitDocuments the crime scene
in detail and collects any physical evidence
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Personnel cont….District attorneyOften present to help
determine if any search warrants are required to proceed and obtains those warrants from a judge
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Personnel cont….Medical examiner (if a homicide) may or may
not be present to determine a preliminary cause of death
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Personnel cont….Detectives Interview witnesses and
consult with the CSI unit Investigate the crime by
following leads provided by the witnesses and physical evidence
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Crime Scene ProtocolStep 1: InterviewThe first step in investigating a crime scene is to interview the first officer at the scene or the victim to determine what allegedly happened, what crime took place, and how was the crime committed. This information may not be factual information but it will give the investigators a place to start.
Step 2: ExamineThe second step in the investigation of a crime scene, which will help identify possible evidence, identify the point of entry and point of exit, and outline the general layout of the crime scene.
Step 3: DocumentThe third step in the protocol involves creating a pictorial record of the scene as well as a rough sketch to demonstrate the layout of the crime scene and to identify the exact position of the deceased victim or other evidence within the crime scene.
Step 4: ProcessThe crime scene technician will process the crime scene for evidence, both physical and testimonial evidence. It is the crime scene technicians responsibility to identify, evaluate and collect physical evidence from the crime scene for further analysis by a crime laboratory.
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Recording the crime scene….PhotographsScene Evidence
Multiple views
Entrances
Exits
Windows
Close ups
Perspectives
Multiple angles
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Recording the crime scene….SketchA draft representation of all
essential information and measurements at a crime scene
It shows all recovered items of physical evidence, as well as other important features of the crime scene
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Recording the crime scene….NotesRecord of actual
measurements of the scene, evidence and the relationship between them
Match to sketchUse a key
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Collecting EvidenceBag and Tag
Victims clothingFingernail scrapingsHead and pubic hairsBloodHydrocarbons (arson)Recovered bullets from
the body and/or surrounding area
Hand swabs or washings from shooting victims
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Documentation…Chain of custodyDescription of itemLocation in crime scene from
which collectedCase numberDate/time collectedSignature of collectorThey must identify The time an item was discovered By whom How and whom it was packaged
and marked
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Rules for evidence collectionMaintain the physical
integrity of a sampleLimit degradation (the act of
degrading)Prevent contaminationChain of custody
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The Seven S’s of Crime Scene Investigation
1. Secure the scene2. Separate the witnesses3. Scan the scene4. Seeing the scene5. Sketch the scene 6. Search for evidence7. Secure the collected evidence
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Forensic science servicesForensic pathology Involves the investigation of
unnatural, unexplained or violent deaths
Charged with determining the cause of death
May conduct autopsy which is a medical dissection and examination of a body in order to determine the cause of death
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Forensic science services…contForensic anthropologyConcerned with the
identification and examination of human skeletal remains
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Forensic science services…contForensic entomologyThe study of insects and
their relation to a criminal investigation, commonly used to estimate time of death
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Stages of deathRigor mortis Results in the shortening of muscle tissue and the stiffening of body
parts in the position at death (occurs in the first 24 hours and disappears within 36 hours)
Livor mortis Results in the settling of blood in areas of the body closest to the
ground (begins immediately on death and continues up to 12 hours)Algor mortis Results in the loss of heat by the body (general rule..the body loses
heat by 1 to 1 ½ degrees Fahrenheit per hour until the body reaches the environmental temperature)