Download - The Development Of Children Chapter 2
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The Development Of ChildrenChapter 2
The Development Of ChildrenChapter 2
The Human Heritage: Genes and the Environment
The Human Heritage: Genes and the Environment
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Bottom Line 1 - Terms to know in Ch
2
Bottom Line 1 - Terms to know in Ch
2• Mitosis and Meiosis• Chromosomes: Males have XY and Females have XX chromosomes
• Genes• DNA• Dominant and Recessive Genes
• Mitosis and Meiosis• Chromosomes: Males have XY and Females have XX chromosomes
• Genes• DNA• Dominant and Recessive Genes
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Bottom Line 2Concepts to know in
Ch 2
Bottom Line 2Concepts to know in
Ch 2• Genetics + Environment = Characteristics Sex-linked characteristics
• Gene-environment interaction - bunnies!
• Genes and behavior - family, twin and adoption studies
• Causes of Genetic Abnormalities (Down Syndrome, PKU, Sickle Cell anemia, Klinefelter Syndrome)
• Genetics + Environment = Characteristics Sex-linked characteristics
• Gene-environment interaction - bunnies!
• Genes and behavior - family, twin and adoption studies
• Causes of Genetic Abnormalities (Down Syndrome, PKU, Sickle Cell anemia, Klinefelter Syndrome)
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Down Syndrome Down Syndrome • Cause: 3 (vs. 2) copies of chromosome 21
• Traits: Mentally/physically retarded and distinctive physical characteristics
• Incidence: 1:1000 births
• Outlook: Special education markedly improve intellectual, social, physical and creative functioning
• Cause: 3 (vs. 2) copies of chromosome 21
• Traits: Mentally/physically retarded and distinctive physical characteristics
• Incidence: 1:1000 births
• Outlook: Special education markedly improve intellectual, social, physical and creative functioning
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Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Phenylketonuria (PKU)• Cause: Defective recessive gene
resulting in retarded development of prefrontal cortex
• Traits: Severe retardation• Incidence: 1:10,000 • Outlook: Feeding PKU infants a diet avoiding milk, eggs, bread, fish reduces the severity of mental retardation
• Cause: Defective recessive gene resulting in retarded development of prefrontal cortex
• Traits: Severe retardation• Incidence: 1:10,000 • Outlook: Feeding PKU infants a diet avoiding milk, eggs, bread, fish reduces the severity of mental retardation
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Sickle-Cell AnemiaSickle-Cell Anemia• Cause: Recessive gene (victims are homozygous, but heterozygous subjects are also mildly affected)
• Traits: Abnormal blood cells cause circulatory problems (e.g., heart enlargement) and severe anemia
• Incidence: 8-9% of U.S. blacks
• Outlook: Crippling, but treatable with medication
• Cause: Recessive gene (victims are homozygous, but heterozygous subjects are also mildly affected)
• Traits: Abnormal blood cells cause circulatory problems (e.g., heart enlargement) and severe anemia
• Incidence: 8-9% of U.S. blacks
• Outlook: Crippling, but treatable with medication
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Klinefelter SyndromeKlinefelter Syndrome• Cause: Extra X chromosome
(i.e., XXY)
• Traits: Males fail to develop
secondary sex characteristics
(e.g., facial hair, voice change), are sterile, and most have speech and language problems
• Incidence: 1:900 males
• Outlook: May be treatable with testosterone replacement therapy
• Cause: Extra X chromosome (i.e., XXY)
• Traits: Males fail to develop
secondary sex characteristics
(e.g., facial hair, voice change), are sterile, and most have speech and language problems
• Incidence: 1:900 males
• Outlook: May be treatable with testosterone replacement therapy
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Survival Strategies: Culture
Survival Strategies: Culture
• Cultural artifacts, such as tools and clothing, greatly extend the range of environments in which human beings can reproduce and thrive
• Cultural knowledge, such as the creation of “hazard prevention strategies,” serves to protect and support children to enable them to mature and reproduce
• Cultural artifacts, such as tools and clothing, greatly extend the range of environments in which human beings can reproduce and thrive
• Cultural knowledge, such as the creation of “hazard prevention strategies,” serves to protect and support children to enable them to mature and reproduce