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The Early Republic
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Before the Republic
• What form of government preceded the Roman Republic?– Monarchy (753 BC – 509 BC)– The Republic traditionally began in 509 BC
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What is a Republic?
• It comes from the Latin “res publica” (public matter)
• a government in which supreme power resides in a body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by elected officers and representatives responsible to them and governing according to law (Webster’s Dictionary)
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Roman Republic
• There was a constitution; however, it was unwritten. Mainly the constitution was a set of practices and customs set on precedent.
• “A major cause of change was the long, yet successful, struggle of the common people, the plebs, to acquire legal and political equality with the upper-class patricians” (Ecce Romani)
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The leaders of the Roman Republic
• Two consuls• One-year terms
• Why such short terms?– The Romans were wary of the monarchy. They did
not want a form of government where one person (rex, king) had unlimited power
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• Lucius Junius Brutus • Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus
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Two Consuls
Praetors
Aediles
Tribunes
quaestors
magistrates
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Consuls and the Magistrates
• Consuls – head of civil government and generals of the army
• Praetors – directed judicial system• Aediles – supervised commerce and public
works• Tribunes – championed the lower class• Quaestors – handled financial matters
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Censors
• Chosen every five years• Revised list of Senate members • Carried out the census (assigning citizens to
classes)
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Cursus honorum
• “course of offices” – Roman political careers
• Think about political careers for American politicians. Is president usually the first elected office the person holds?
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Cursus honorum
• Military service quaestor
praetor Senate
Consul Censor
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The Senate
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The Senate
• Senatus Populusque Romanus
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The Senate
• An advisory council• Members were former magistrates– Once a man became a quaestor, he was eligible for
Senate membership• Although just “advised” consuls, the Senate did
have a large influence in the Roman government.
• Advised on finance and foreign policy• Served for life, unless expelled by censors
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Exit Pass
• List two offices in the Roman Republic government.
• What does SPQR mean?