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The Earth’s Atmosphere
re-teaching assignment
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The Earth is surrounded by a “blanket” of air called the atmosphere.
http://www.lunaroutpost.com/gallery/earth/pages/earth_full_hires%20copy.htm
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The Earth’s Atmosphere is a mixture of gases:
http://webusers.astro.umn.edu/~john/Ast1001/air/atmos-compos.jpg
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What are some natural events that afffect the earth’s atmosphere?
Forest fires
Volcanic ash
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Wildfire3.jpg/240px-Wildfire3.jpg
http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/interior/ash.html
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What keeps the atmosphere so close to the earth???GRAVITY!
http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/farid/sciencekids/gravity2.jpg
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Although it seems thin, the atmosphere is ~500 miles thick!
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Even the International Space Station flies within the Earth’s atmosphere!
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/image/spacecraft/iss.jpg
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The atmosphere has five basic layers.
http://www.theozonehole.com/atmosphere.gif
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THE LAYERS ARE
DETERMINED BY CHANGES
IN TEMPERATURE
http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Atmosphere/layers_activity_print.html
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Temperatures in the AtmosphereWhy does the graph zigzag back and forth?
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We live in the lowest layer, the troposphere.
http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect14/atmosphere.jpg
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Most of Earth’s weather takes place in the troposphere.
http://images.worldofstock.com/slides/TRA1094.jpg
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About ten miles up is the Tropo-pause, where the troposphere
ends.
Most jet planes can fly close to or just above the tropopause.
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Between each atmospheric layer, we have a “pause” or break. These are arbitrary lines- and not real breaks.
http://www.epa.gov/apti/course422/images/fig-1.gif
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After the troposphere comes the stratosphere.
http://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/images/stratosphere-troposphere.jpg
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High winds in the statosphere are called the Jet Stream.
www.accuweather.com/www/nyc/jetstream.gif
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The Ozone layer (O3) can be found in the stratosphere. It protects us from harmful UV radiation from the sun.
http://veimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/138/ozone_hole_large.jpghttp://www.okiu.ac.jp/Language/contest/02/12/ozone.gif
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Weather Balloons explore the stratosphere.
http://www.discover.uottawa.ca/~aelsawah/GNG1101/LAB2_files/image004.jpg
http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/sose/wvi/images/scen3.jpg
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In the Stratosphere… spy planes!
http://retrothing.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/2007/12/21/sr71blackbird.jpg
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Believe it or not, 99% of all the gases that surround the earth are found in the first two layers we’ve seen so far.
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Mesosphere is the layer In the Middle!
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Mesosphere- where the meteors burn.
http://www.meteorites.homepage.t-online.de/jpg/cerny.jpg
hektor.umcs.lublin.pl/.../collection/nantan.jpg
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Millions of meteors burn up in our atmosphere each year. If they hit the ground, they are called a meteorite.
http://www.montaukobservatory.com/Observer/meteor-nasa.gif
Perseid Meteor Shower
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If it weren’t for the atmosphere…
http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/epubs/bolide/images/meteorcrater.jpg
(Barringer Crater) in Arizona, some 38 miles east of Flagstaff,
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http://www.worth1000.com/entries/111000/111117fKmj_w.jpg
Meteor Impact in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. This possibly killed off the dinosaurs.
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Smaller impacts do occur but are rare.
http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/peru-meteor-1.jpg
Peru, South America
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0611/peekskill_thomas.jpg
Peeksgill, New York
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THERMOSPHERE IS MADE OF THE IONOSPHERE & THE EXOSPHERE.
http
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Ionosphere- Where solar particles are ionized in the upper atmosphere.
http
://w
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Ionosphere reflects radio waves
apollo.lsc.vsc.edu/.../ionosphere_layers.psd.gif
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The Aurora- Borealis (N)/Austrialis (S)
http://shelp.chess.cornell.edu/multimedia/aurora/09_07_02/35mmlights2_9_7_02.jpg
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The Exosphere is
the outermost layer. After
that the area we call “outer space” begins.
atschool.eduweb.co.uk/.../gfx/exosphere.jpg
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Temperatures in the Exosphere
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Things found in the Exosphere.
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/image/spacecraft/iss.jpg
http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/space/hsfe_shuttle/images/nasa-sys_shuttle_sts071-741_200X250.jpg
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Satellites orbit Earth in the exosphere.
http://www.wmo.ch/web/www/images/GOS/Figure%20II-10%20Satellites.jpg
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If it weren’t for the atmosphere, our earth
would look like…
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http
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The moon, with thousands of impact craters.
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Because the moon has less gravity and much higher temperatures than the earth, its gases get
“excited” or very energetic, and are lost to space.
http://ww
w.abc.net.au/science/features/lunaeclipse2007/
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What is Air Pressure?
Air pressure is the weight of the atmosphere pressing down on an area of the earth.
http://dogfoose.com/infotoons/
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Pressure changes with altitude – the higher altitude, the lower the air pressure.
htt://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/images/pressure_altitude.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7d.html&usg=__2bKRE46nD8PHInoiyOVgt1Lv2ok=&h=580&w=491&sz=59&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=qFc-E7U_YbFDyM:&tbnh=134&tbnw=113&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dair%2Bpressure%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactivep
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Credit:Mr. Fontaine, Mercer Middle School