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The Elements
Hydrogen - Calcium
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Hydrogen
• The most abundant element in the universe. It is the fuel that burns in stars.
• It is the simplest element.• Hydrogen is a gas under
standard conditions.• Hydrogen is used for
rocket fuel and explosives.
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Helium
• Gas under standard conditions and is found in all stars.
• Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe.
• Helium is used as a lifting gas for balloons and airships
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Lithium
• Lithium is a lightweight metal.
• Used as part of an alloy to make lightweight aircraft.
• Also used in batteries and medicines for psychiatric disorders.
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Beryllium
• Beryllium is a metal.• It is used as an alloy
for aircraft, rocket fuel and in mineral form makes the gems Emerald and aquamarine.
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Boron
• Boron is a metalloid.• Boron is mostly found
in mineral form as the mineral borax.
• Used to harden steel and to make rocket parts because it resists heat.
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Carbon
• Carbon is a nonmetal.• Molecules that
contain carbon make up all living cells.
• Carbon in different forms is used as charcoal, graphite and diamonds.
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Nitrogen
• Nitrogen is a diatomic gas.
• Nitrogen makes up the majority of our atmosphere.
• Nitrogen is used to make ammonia, fertilizers and explosives.
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Oxygen
• Oxygen is a diatomic gas.
• Oxygen is the 3rd most abundant element in the universe.
• We need to breath oxygen to live. It is also used in welding, and making steel.
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Fluorine
• Fluorine is a diatomic gas.
• Fluorine is the most reactive element and is rarely found alone.
• Fluorine compounds are used in rat poisons, etching glass and refrigerants.
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Neon
• Neon is a gas.• Neon is un-reactive
and is therefore not a part of many molecules.
• Because it glows red when a current is passed through it, it is used in lights.
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Sodium
• Sodium is a metal.• Sodium is extremely
reactive with water.• Sodium vapor is used
as lighting.• Sodium compounds
make up things like baking soda, table salt.
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Magnesium
• Magnesium is a metal.
• Magnesium is used to make lightweight alloys and burns with a very bright white light for fireworks.
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Aluminum
• Aluminum is a metal.• Aluminum is used to
make aluminum foil, alloys and wires.
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Silicon
• Silicon is a metalloid.• Silicon is used in
making glass, quartz. • Silicon is also used in
memory chips in computers and semi-conductors.
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Phosphorus
• Phosphorus is a solid non- metal.
• Phosphorus is used in fireworks, detergents (brightens), fertilizers.
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Sulfur
• Sulfur is a solid non-metal.
• Sulfur is used in gunpowder, paper, matches, drugs (antibacterial), paint etc.
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Chlorine
• Chlorine is a Diatomic gas.
• Chlorine is used as a disinfectant (water treatment) and combines with metals to form salts.
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Argon
• Argon is a gas.• Argon is very un-
reactive and does not form compounds.
• Argon is used to fill light bulbs (oxygen would corrode the filament)
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Potassium
• Potassium is a metal.• Potassium explodes
when it comes in contact with water.
• Potassium compounds are used in fertilizers.
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Calcium
• Calcium is a metal.• Calcium is needed to
make bone/teeth.• Calcium compounds
are used to make chalk, cement.