The Enel’s CCS projects
Pietro Barbucci
Enel - Engineering & Innovation Division
“2nd Session of the UNECE Ad Hoc Group of Experts on Cleaner Electricity
Production from Coal and Other Fossil Fuels”
Geneva, 18th november 2008
The Enel group
Total installed capacity: 83 GW
Total net production: 187 TWh
The Enel’s CCS projects
Why
� Enel shares the views expressed by the European Institutions and the
Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants Technology Platform that:
� Fossil fuels will continue to have a primary role for electricity
generation in the decades to come
� Contribution of coal is essential for the security of supply
� Only the implementation of CCS technologies will allow to make the
continued use of fossil fuels compatible with the objectives to reduce
the GHG emissions in the atmosphere
� In Italy Enel plans to built 5000
MWe clean coal capacity,
substituting existing oil fired or
NG fired steam cycles
Clean coal plant characteristics:
� Closed coal management
system
� η = 45%
� extremely low emission
levels
Torrevaldaliga Nord Power Plant (3 units, 2000 MWe)
First unit in service: Autumn 2008
Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS)
Why
� These assets need to be preserved in the carbon constrained scenario
CCS retrofit technologies required
The Enel’s CCS projects
How
Therefore Enel has decided to take the lead in the development of CCS
technologies by:
� Promoting two demo projects:
»» ENEL CCS1ENEL CCS1 Post-combustion capture and storage demo project
»» ENEL CCS2ENEL CCS2 Oxy-coal combustion project
� Developing knowledge and looking for cooperation in the area of pre-
combustion technology
» Power from Hydrogen & Zero Emission IGCC
Post-combustion capture
and storage demo project
Enel CCS1Enel CCS1
Post-combustion capture and storage demo project
Project goal
To retrofit one large size
coal fired unit with CO2
capture equipment and
start CO2 underground
storage by 2014
Enel CCS1Enel CCS1
Time schedule
Enel CCS1Enel CCS1
OperationDesign - construction
Design - construction Operation
Decision point
Activities in progress
Post-combustion capture and storage demo project
Unit 1
Unit 2Unit 3
Unit 4
Enel CCS1Enel CCS1
Phase 2 - CO2 capture pilot plant
Site of CO2
capturepilot plant
Brindisi coal firedpower plant
4 units x 660 MWe
Pilot plant general flow diagram
CO2 separation unit
Phase 2 - CO2 capture pilot plant
Absorber
Flue gas tothe stack
cooling water
Flash
Cross Exchanger
Cross Exchanger
Separator
Reclaimer
cooling water
LP steam
Stripper
CO2
Reboiler
MP steam
Filte
rs
coolingwater
Condenser
Flue gas from WESP
Absorber
Flue gas tothe stack
cooling water
Flash
Cross Exchanger
Flash
Cross Exchanger
Flash
Cross Exchanger
Flash
Cross Exchanger
Flash
Cross Exchanger
Cross Exchanger
Separator
Reclaimer
cooling water
LP steam
Stripper
CO2
Reboiler
MP steam
Filte
rs
coolingwater
Condenser
Separator
Reclaimer
cooling water
LP steam
Stripper
CO2
Reboiler
MP steam
Filte
rs
coolingwater
Condenser
Separator
Reclaimer
cooling water
LP steam
Stripper
CO2
Reboiler
MP steam
Filte
rs
coolingwater
Condenser
Separator
Reclaimer
cooling water
LP steam
Stripper
CO2
Reboiler
MP steam
Filte
rs
coolingwater
Condenser
Flue gas from WESP
Raw gas Process main streams
700-800 t/hCooling water
6,5 t/hLow pressure steam
50 t/hMEA solution flow rate
(20%,w)
2,25 t/hCO2 removed
10.000 Nm3/hGas flow rate (wet)
< 2 mg/Nm3Particulate
< 1 ppmvSO3
< 40 mg/Nm3NO2
< 30 mg/Nm3SO2
50 °°°°C (max)Temperature
Phase 2 - CO2 capture pilot plant
Plant specifications
Enel CCS1Enel CCS1
Plant lay-out
Project milestones
Oct 09Plant completion
Dec 08Start site works
Apr 08Contract award
Oct 07Deadline for bids
Jun 07Specification completed
Phase 2 - CO2 capture pilot plant
Enel CCS1Enel CCS1
� Italy has theoretically a
significant potential for CO2
geological storage into deep
saline aquifers
� Studies are in progress to
evaluate in detail the storage
potential in areas A, B and C
that are the areas
surrounding possible sites for
the post-combustion capture
demo. Studies are carried out
by INGV, OGS and other
Italian geological Institutes
Phase 3 - Selection of the geological storage site
Enel CCS1Enel CCS1
A
B
C
MATILDE 1 well
Geological
Profile
Enel CCS1Enel CCS1
Phase 3 - Selection of the geological storage site
Study of Alto Lazio site (area A)
Demo main features
Phase 5 - Post-combustion demo plant
50 %% of flue gas treated
Pure storageCO2 value chain
To be decidedStorage location
Deep saline aquifer CO2 Storage solution
85%CO2 Capture rate
1,5 Mt/yStored CO2
Post Combustion Capture with Amine
CO2 Capture Tech
SC PCCPower Generation Tech
Bituminous coalPrimary fuel
660 MWePower generation
RetrofitType of Project
Enel CCS1Enel CCS1
Enel will candidate this project for
the “European Flagship Programme”
Oxy-coal combustion project
Enel CCS2Enel CCS2
Oxy-coal combustion project
Project goal
To build by 2016 a 320 MWe
zero emission coal fired
power plant based on a
pressurized oxy-combustion
technology already proved
at pilot scale
Enel CCS2Enel CCS2
Air
Separation
Unit
Steam Turbine
Generator
CO2 Compression Unit
Coal Handling
Flue Gas Clean-up
Combustor/Boliers
Unit
Oxy-coal combustion project
Enel CCS2Enel CCS2
Time schedule
Design - construction Operation
Design - construction
Design - construction Operation
Decision point
Activities in progress
Enel CCS2Enel CCS2
Oxy-coal combustion project
Phase 1 and 2
PreliminaryPreliminary design design
of full scale of full scale
combustorcombustor demodemo
Positive investment Positive investment
decisiondecision forfor PhasePhase 33
AprilApril 20082008
TestsTests usingusing coalcoal on on
the 5 the 5 MWthMWth
IsothermIsotherm pilot pilot plantplant..
ITEA facility in Gioia del Colle
Modelling forcombustor scale-up
Oxy-coal combustion project
Phase 3 - Full scale combustor demo
Technical data Milestones
Combustor power 48 MWt
Process pressure 10 bar
Fuel coal slurry
Boiler pressurized, new design
Oxygen cryogenic storage/VSA
Oxygen mass flow rate 400 t/d @ 90% purity
Steam generation 55 t/h @ 240 bar -
600°°°°C
Yearly operating hours 3000 h
Invest. decision Apr 08
Permitting compl. Dec 08
Ground breaking Feb 09
Assembling Dec 09
Commissioning Oct 10
Enel CCS2Enel CCS2
USC Boiler
Reactor
Oxygen Storage
Oxygen VPSA Plant
Handling coal-water slurry
Control Room
Ash separationsection
ExperimentalDeSOx
Oxy-coal combustion project
Phase 3 - Full scale combustor demo
Enel CCS2Enel CCS2
Enel CCS2Enel CCS2
Oxy-coal combustion project
Phase 3 – Full scale combustor demo
Brindisi coal firedpower plant
4 units x 660 MWeSite
of full scale combustor
demo
Power from Hydrogen
&
Zero Emission IGCC
Power from Hydrogen
The Fusina hydrogen power plant
Petrochemical area
Fusinapower plant
H2 piping
GT order Mar 07
Combustor tests Sep 07
Start site works Dec 07
Plant completion Sep 09
A 12 MWe combined cycle fed by hydrogen produced by petrochemical
industries
Project milestones
Enel GEM - AT Ricerca
Test Rig
Internal view of the GT GE10 STD combustion chamber
Power from Hydrogen
The Fusina hydrogen power plant
GT combustor tests at Sesta facility
Enel GEM - AT Ricerca
Power from Hydrogen
The Fusina hydrogen power plant
NOx emissions with steam injection
Results from the GE10 combustor tests
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5
Steam / Fuel
NO
x (p
pm
15%
O2)
Hydrogen
Natural Gas
Steam Hydrogen Mixture
Power from Hydrogen
Works in progress at the site
The Fusina hydrogen power plant
Enel initiatives
� Enel is partner of:
� DYNAMIS, a project funded under the 6th FP, for a pre-
engineering study of the European ZEIGCC
� DECARBit, a project funded under the 7th FP, focused on high-
potential, cost-efficient advanced capture techniques in pre-
combustion schemes
� Enel is looking for cooperation opportunities in demonstrating Zero
Emission IGCC technology.
Zero Emission IGCC
P1
LegendaLegenda
P1 = Post combustion capture pilot
P2 = Oxy-combustion pilot
P3 = H2 CC pilot
Possible sites for post-combustion
demo
Areas under study for the
evaluation of CO2 storage potential
P3
P2
Summary of Enel’s initiatives on CCS
Thank you
for your kind attention