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The Environment & the Developing World
MDG Goal #7
Ensure Environmental Sustainability Target 7a: Integrate the principles
of sustainable development into country policies and programmes; reverse loss of environmental resources
How to Measure?
Target 7a and 7b Indicators:
7.1 Proportion of land area covered by forest 7.2 CO2 emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP
(PPP) 7.3 Consumption of ozone-depleting substances 7.4 Proportion of fish stocks within safe biological limits 7.5 Proportion of total water resources used 7.6 Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected 7.7 Proportion of species threatened with extinction
Facts about Deforestation
Forests still cover about 30 percent of the world’s land area.
The amount of forests lost each year is equal to the size of Panama
At the current rate, rain forests may completely vanish in 100 years.
70% of Earth’s land animals and plants live in forests
Why Deforestation?
Agriculture- farmers need room to grow crops and for livestock to graze
Logging-Wood for products including paper, access roads to woods. Often illegal
Wildfires- Natural Cause Urban Sprawl- Needed for housing and development
Rates of Deforestation in Borneo
Progress?
The rate of deforestation shows signs of
decreasing, but is still alarmingly high
1990’s: 16 million hectares converted to other uses.
2008: 13 million hectares converted to other uses.
Progress?
South America and Africa largest net losses of forests, at 4 million and 3.4 million hectares per year
Asia registered a net gain of some 2.2 million hectares annually.
China, India and Viet Nam expanded their forest area by 4 million hectares in last 5 years
CO2 Emissions 1990 & 2007
In 2007,global CO2Emissions increasedBy 3.2%
Why?
Growth of Middle Class in China and India.
From
TO
As of 2010 the loss of biodiversity continues—unrelentingly.
Nearly 17,000 species of plants and animals are known to be threatened with extinction.
Major drivers of biodiversity loss include: high rates of consumption, habitat loss, invasive species, pollution and climate change
So what?
Progress?
In 2008 only half of the world’s 821 terrestrial ecoregions—had more than 10 per cent of their area protected.
Overexploitation of global fisheries has stabilized,
Endangered animals for medicine/food/accessories
Rhino horn used to treat fever Elephants for Ivory Endangered seal penis as aphrodisiac Eating of gorillas in DRC Endangered bluefin tuna in Japanese
Sushi Whales as delicacies Tiger meat for virility
Ensure Environmental Sustainability
Target 7c: Reduce by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation
How to measure7.8 Proportion of population using an improved
drinking water source7.9 Proportion of population using an improved
sanitation facility
Ensure Environmental Sustainability
Target 7d: Achieve significant improvement in lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers, by 2020
How to Measure?7.10 Proportion of urban population
living in slums