Download - The epithelium By Dr. Ibtehag El Ghazzawy & Dr. Nahed Zohdy Professors of Hisology and Cell Biology
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Connective tissue
Nervous tissue Epithelial tissue
Muscular tissue
4 Basic Types of Tissues
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Epithelial Tissue
(The epithelium)
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• Closely aggregated cells• Very little intercellular
substances• Regular shaped cells bind
together by junctional complexes
• Basal lamina (basement membrane)
• Avascular• Rich in nerve supply• High renewal rate
General features of epithelium
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Classification of epithelium
-Covering and lining epithelium
-Glandular (secretory) epithelium
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Classification of covering &lining epithelium
Number of layers Shape of cells
•Simple
•Stratified
•Squamous
•Cuboidal
•Columnar
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1 -Simple Squamous Epithelium
LM:
Surface view
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Simple Squamous Epithelium (Bowman’s capsule- kidney)
LM:
Side view
Function: Filtration of blood
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Simple Squamous Epithelium (Lung alveoli)
Function: gas exchange
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2 -Simple cuboidal Epithelium
Site:Thyroid gland- kidney tubules)ion exchange(
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3 -Simple Columnar Epithelium
Types:
a. Non ciliated
b. Ciliated
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a. Simple columnar epithelium(non ciliated)
LM
Sites: ducts of glands- digestive tract(secretion or absorption)
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b. Simple columnar epithelium ciliated
Sites: uterus, oviduct & bronchiole of the lung
(movement of luminal contents)
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4 -Pseudostratified columnar epitheliumFalse
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Sites: Male genital tract – large ducts of glands: (secretion)
a- Pseudostratified columnar epithelium non ciliated
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Sites: Nose- Trachea (protection)
b. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium ciliated
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2 -Stratified Epithelium
What cell is on the top layer?
• Stratified sqamous epithelium
• Stratified cuboidal epithelium
• Stratified columnar epithelium
• Transitional epithelium
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Stratified Squamous Epithelium
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Non Keratinized Keratinized
Stratified squamous epithelium
Oesophagus- vagina skin (Physical protection)
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Stratified cuboidal Epithelium (Rare)
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Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
(Ducts of sweat glands: secretion)
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Stratified Columnar Epithelium (Rare)
- ciliated: penile urethra
- Non ciliated: conjunctiva
(protection)
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Transitional epithelium
(urinary bladder - empty)
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Transitional EpitheliumEmpty urinary bladder
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Transitional Epithelium
Full urinary bladder
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Transitional epithelium
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Adaptation of Transitional epithelium to its function:
• Thin corrugated basement membrane
• Abundant mucoid intercellular substance to allow gliding of cells on each other.
• Cuticular border at the free surface.
Transitional epithelium
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Origin
differentiation
Glandular Epithelium
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Types of glandular epithelium It is classified according to:
1- Number of cells
2- Presence or absence of a duct system
3- Mode of secretion (mechanism)
4- Nature of secretion
5- Shape of the secretory portion
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1-Number of cells
Unicellular(
goblet cell) Multicellular
(Salivary glands)
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Goblet cells
EM
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a. Merocrine glands
• The secretions are released through exocytosis
Pancreas
2-Mechanism (Mode) of Glandular secretions
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b. Apocrine glands
• The secretion involves the loss of both product and apical cytoplasm
Mammary glands
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c. Holocrine gland
• The secretion destroys the cell
Sebaceous glands
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Mode of secretion (apocrine)
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-Serous glands: parotid gland
-Mucous glands: sublingual gland
-Mixed glands: submandibular gland
-Glands with special secretion: sebaceous gland (oily secretion)
4 -Nature of Glandular secretions
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5 -The shape of secretory portion
-o
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Intestinal glands Sweat glands Fundic glands
Classification of Tubular Glands
simple: unbranched duct
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Classification of Alveolar Glands
Sebaceous glands Tarsal glands
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Classification of Compound Glands
Compound: branched duct branched secretory portion
Liver mammary glands salivary glands
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1-Neuroepithelium
(Taste buds: dorsal surface of the tongue)
Special types of epithelium
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2. Germinal epithelium
Testis: sperm Ovary: ovum
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