1 ALSTOM © 2012 Proprietary Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
The Evolution of Smarter Electric Grids:
Renewables and storage integration for a better control of the
Grid and the Supergrid
Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
Marc Lamey Vice President Smart Grid Sales
2 ALSTOM © 2012 Proprietary Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
Alstom and the Smart Grid
Smart Grid
Our Smart Grid current deployment
Key Drivers of Smart Grid Evolution
Introduction
Renewable and Grid Flexibility
Examples of Integrating Storage, DR and Controllable Devices
Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
Clean Energy & Transport Solutions
Transport Faster, Cleaner and Less
Congestion
High-Speed Rail
Light Rail & Urban Tramways
Power Low & No-Carbon Energy
Solutions
Renewables
Efficiency Improvements
Carbon Capture & Storage
Grid Smarter, More Reliable, More
Flexible Power Transmission
Renewable Integration
Advanced Network Management
‘Evergreen’ Smart Grid Strategy
4 ALSTOM © 2012 Proprietary Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
Key Global Drivers for Positive Change or Catastrophies of Epic Proportions
• Climate
• Energy
• Food
• Population
• Water
• Transportation
• Resource Constraints
The World @ “Night” in 2012
5 ALSTOM © 2012 Proprietary Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
Smart Electric Grid: where energy (ET) meets information (IT)… “A permanently evolving electrical network, with a real-time, two-way flow of
energy and information, between power generation, grid operator, and end
users. It is capable of integrating all traditional and new resources: renewable
generation units (wind, solar, etc.), electrical vehicles, electrical storage, or
even entire smart cities”.
Smarter electricity systems (Source: IEA Smart Grid roadmap 2010)
6 ALSTOM © 2012 Proprietary Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
3. Renewable Power – Integrate CO2 free energy
Enable renewable DER (wind, solar) grid connection & dispatch
Develop back up energy asset flexibility (generation & distributed storage)
Integrate distributed renewable, Energy Positive buildings and Electric
Vehicles
2. Affordable Power – Improve Energy efficiency across
the value chain
Maximize energy flows in constrained and aging grids
Enable end-user DERs with the energy system (“prosumers”)
Leverage information across business silos (bridging OT and IT)
Key market drivers for Smart Grids Evolution
1. Reliable Power – Maintain Grid Stability
Improved operational decision support (Asset conditions & limits)
Mitigate blackouts and outages impacts
Manage aging workforce
DER = Distributed Energy Resources
(Demand, Storage, Distributed Generation)
7 ALSTOM © 2012 Proprietary Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
Renewables Global Solar PV And Wind Power Capacity Past and Future
2005 2010 2015 2030
4 GW
25 GW
54 GW
216GW
Source: IEA Energy Technology Perspectives 2010
2020
100GW
2005 2010 2015 2030
4 GW
25 GW
54 GW
216GW
Source: IEA Energy Technology Perspectives 2010
2020
100GW
1990 2000 2010 2030
2 GW
17 GW
194 GW
500 GW*
*Global Wind Energy Council, www.gwec.net
*In 2012 , Europe alone have reached the 100GW of Wind Energy
1990 2000 2010 2030
2 GW
17 GW
194 GW
500 GW*
*Global Wind Energy Council, www.gwec.net
*In 2012 , Europe alone have reached the 100GW of Wind Energy
Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
Deployment of Variable Generation
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
% Variable Generation by Region
2010 2050
4
Smart grids will enable high penetration of variable generation while
maintaining system reliability and stability
Source: Courtesy of David Elzinga, IEA
Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
The new system flexibility challenge: how to integrate the new renewable sources?
Renewable
Subsidy
Renewable
Connection
Renewable
Integration
FENIX Future Distributed control FENIX Future Distributed control Integrated DG FENIX Future Distributed control FENIX Future
Ca
pa
cit
y
2009 2012 2020
10%
Central
Generation
Transmission networks
Distribution networks
Central
Generation
Transmission networks
networks
Central
Generation
Transmission networks
Distribution
Central Generation
Transmission
networks
Flexible Supply
Intermittent
Renewable 3-5%
Central
Generation
Transmission
networks
Distribution
networks
Central
Generation
Transmission
networks
networks
Central
Generation
Transmission
networks
Distribution
Central
Generation
Transmission
networks
Flexible Supply
Pa
ss
ive
D
isp
atc
hed
Res
ou
rce
s
Intermittent
Renewable 10-15%
15-20%
Pa
ss
ive
D
isp
atc
hed
Res
ou
rce
s
Central
Generation
Transmission
networks
Central
Generation
Transmission
networks
Central
Generation
Transmission
networks
Central
Generation
Integrated
T&D Control
Zones
Flexible Supply
Intermittent
Renewable
Dis
patc
hed
Res
ou
rce
s
15-25%
Flexible
Demand & Storage 5-10%
20-25%
10 ALSTOM © 2012 Proprietary Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
Affordable Power
Dispatch optimization for distributed DER
On-Line Substation Asset Management
Demand Response
Reliable Power
On-Line Stability
Digital Substations
PMUs, Wide Area Automation & Defense Plan
Renewable Power – Integrate CO2 free energy
Renewable Grid Connection : On-shore/Offshore
Connection of DERs with Control Rooms
Grid Connected Storage to Grid / Evolution to Meshed DC
Grids
Resulting Technological Impact
Evolution of end to end Platform Architectures
Seamless integration across Generation (Power), Digital
SS, DER
Layered intelligence
New Power Electronics nodes for DERs
11 ALSTOM © 2012 Proprietary Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
New Virtual Power Plant/MicroGrid
A micro subsystem with generation,
storage and consumption capacity
aggregating 10-50MW interconnected
with the global energy wholesale
New Virtual Power Plant/MicroGrid
A micro subsystem with generation,
storage and consumption capacity
aggregating 10-50MW interconnected
with the global energy wholesale
Step Change #1: Grid management New cluster/microgrid balancing
Smart Energy
Positive
Infrastructures
Smart Energy
Positive
Infrastructures
Increased
energy density
during peaks
Increased
energy density
during peaks
Real-time
pricing to end
consumers
Real-time
pricing to end
consumers
Complexity to
change Grid
footprint
Complexity to
change Grid
footprint
Consumers
turning to
“Prosumers”
Consumers
turning to
“Prosumers”
Integrated
Mobility
Services
Integrated
Mobility
Services
12 ALSTOM © 2012 Proprietary Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
Mix of flexible resources on the supply, delivery and demand side
Step Change #2: Grid architectures evolving towards Hybrid AC/DC Systems
13 ALSTOM © 2012 Proprietary Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
13
Overlay DC Grid Gives Access to Renewable Sources within Europe
• Interconnection of remote renewable energy sources
• Overcoming “bottlenecks” in the existing AC grids
• Low loss (HVDC) transmission systems
• Controllable power flows over a wide area
• Avoidance of synchronisation over a wide area
• Less environmental impact than AC reinforcement
3000km
14 ALSTOM © 2012 Proprietary Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
Supergrid : Drivers for development in EU
10% reduction in electricity
consumption due to efficiency
policies
RES to feed 30 to 36% of EU
Electricity consumption
CO2 reduction 30 to 57%
compare to 2009
Meet 20/20/20 EU
targets
15 ALSTOM © 2012 Proprietary Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
Alstom Grid strategy for Smart Grids
•Leverage the strengths of our existing technology portfolio to
expand our offering – New Control Room architecture & applications
– Digital Substations, Distribution Automation & Demand Response IEDs
– MV Power Electronics (converters for Renewables and storage)
•Shape the industry vision through lobbying & Joint Customer Innovation
•Transform Smart Grid pilots into scaled-up commercial projects
•Position Alstom Grid as architect & integrator of interoperable solutions
•Access adjacent markets through Alstom Sectors and partnerships:
– Thermal plant flexibility & Offshore renewable connection: Alstom Power Thermal & Renewable
– Public Transport Energy Management: Alstom Transport
– Building, Campus & Smart City Management: Bouygues / EMBIX
Develop Innovation
Position into
new markets
Evolve Offering
& Business
Models
Long term: Reference end to end solution provider for energy utilities
16 ALSTOM © 2012 Proprietary Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
Grid Automation
Grid Power Electronics
Electrical Transmission
4. Integrated Distribution Management Systems
Control Room
6. Control Room Master Data Management
1. On-Line Stability & Defense Plans
2. On-Line Asset Management
5. Distributed Energy Resource (DER) Management
10 years vision 17 critical innovation programs
3. Renewable Portfolio Management
10. Digital Substation Situation Awareness
14. Advanced HVDC Controls
15. Advanced FACTs Controls
16. Medium Size Converter for Industrial,
Solar & Storage
17. Meshed DC Grids
8. Substation Process Bus IEDs
11. Advanced Wide Area Controls
9. Substation Condition Monitoring
12. Distribution Automation IEDs
7. Smart Grid Architecture & System Integration
13. New A-Box IEDs
Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
Energinet.dk
DRMS
EU
Cross Border
(PCI)
EU
Meshed DC
(WP2013)
EU
EMBIX
(Cooperate)
Alstom’s Curent Smart Grid Deployments: Fully Commercial & Demonsration Projects
Manitoba Hydro
On-line Stability
ERDF
DERMS (Vendée)
ERDF
DERMS (NiceGrid)
Veolia
DERMS (Reflexe)
GDF Suez
EMBIX (Greenlys)
UVSQ
EMBIX
(Smart Campus)
Sales(31)
Issy City
EMBIX (IssyGrid)
BOUYGUES
EMBIX
(Eco2charge)
BOUTGUES
EMBIX (EPIT)
MAUI
iDMS
Tres Amigas
DC Grid – VSC
(multi-terminal)
Southern
iDMS
WECC
On-line Stability
ISONE
On-line Stability
Manitoba Hydro
On-line Stability
Dunneill Wind Farm
Smart FACTS
BATTELLE
DERMS (DOE)
Duke Energy
DERMS (DOE)
PJM/Philadelphia
DERMS (Navy yard)
EDF SEI
iDMS
CFE
Digital Substation
RTE
Digital Substation
RTE
Renewable Portfolio
WPD
Distribution
Automation (Falcon)
UKPN
Distribution
Automation (FPP)
Innovation SG Pure Prototypes
CEA
Meshed DC
(Winposer)
ESB
Smart Grid VSC
(Green e-motion)
Svenska Krafnat
Cyber Security
Energinet.dk
Energinet AVR Cell
Energinet.dk
Digital Substation
Energinet.dk
On-line Stability
STEDIN
iDMS
Transpower
DRMS
SGCC
On-line Stability
GAMESA
Renewable Portfolio
MSETCL
On-line Stability
MEW - Kuwait
On-line Stability
(AFTER)
MEW - Kuwait
DERMS (e-storage)
ELIA
Digital Substation
Infrax
DERMS (Slim)
SGCC
Digital Substation
ESKOM
On-line Stability
FSK
Digital Substation
(Nadezhda)
EU
DC breakers, WAMS
(Twenties1)
EDF
DRMS (SEL)
EirGrid
DS3
(DRMS, Renewable)
DOE FOA
OSS (STRIPES)
MEW - Kuwait
DRMS
MEW - Kuwait
On-line Asset Mgt
MEW - Kuwait
iDMS
DRMS in NA (by UISOL now ALSROM)
8: PJM, CAISO, BPA, TVA, Viiridity, NVE, MISO, Portland
Commercial SG Implementation SG Stumulus founded project
SG program Design Stage
Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
Higher Levels of Renewable Integration Requires More Flexibility
Storage
Demand
Response
Power
Electronics
Controllable
Devices
Interaction of Storage with DR and Controllable Devices Increase Flexibility
Grid
Flexibility
Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
Interaction of Renewables, Storage and DR with Electricity Grids - Time Scales Matter
Graphic Illustration – Coutesy of Russ Philbrick
Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
Grid Operators around the world agree on the role of storage when integrating higher levels of renewable
Smart applications integrated with power
forecast improves real-time operations and
renewable integration. However, some smart
technologies must become more efficient and
cost competitive for mass-scale deployment
to creates significant value to the grid
Respondents who have
implemented DR programs
are in systems with competitive
electricity markets,
and Storage has huge growth
potential
Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
Energy Storage is not only for renewables: It increase the flexibility and balancing between supply and demand but it support variable RES
No Wind or little wind
Congestion issue at Distribution and Transmission level
Balancing and Market issues:
Forecasts errors Filling the gap awaiting the ramp-up of the gas / coal fired
energy Market issues: Too much Wind … zero or even negative prices Volatility in wholesale market prices, reducing the risk of
abnormal demand spikes and cost of imbalance
Storage can be “Big” and small , at Transmission , Distribution and End-user
Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
Energy storage is one solution, with a wide range of applications..
Objective / Value For GenCo TSO DSO Prosumer
RES Integration √ Reduce imbalance risk
Capacity Firming
√ Congestion Mgt.
Differ Grid reinf.
√ Congestion Mgt.
Differ Grid reinf.
√ Autonomy
(combined to local
Prod)
Grid Reliability √ Primary Reserve
(<30sec)
√ Voltage Regulation
Frequency Regulation
Spinning reserve
(15min-2h)
Black start
√ Local Voltage
Regulation
µGrid Support
Local Balance
(Islanding)
√ Provider of
Ancillary services
Energy Efficiency √ Portfolio Optimization
Energy Time Shift
Carbon Market
√ Affordable Energy /
Cost Mgt.
(combined to DR)
The value for spans all the Energy Value chain. However each of these
individual applications do not make business sense today.
The Solution could be found through complex integration of all services
Emergence of Independent Storage Operators ?
Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
Energy Storage outside pumped Hydro is yet a market to develop
Source Areva 2012
Installed MW
127000
450
320
4030252010
Pumped Hydro 127GW
Compressed Air 450MW
Sodium Sulfur Batteries 320MW
Lead Acid Battery 40MW
Nickel Cadmium Batteries 30MW
Flywheels
Lithium-Ion Batteries
Other batteries Including Electricvehicles
40% in Europe
Challenge for storage
Regulatory and Market issues Technological
Size up of Batteries Storage for Transmission Level
Mix of technology for a good storage mix
Security depending the Technology Optimization at different level of the grid Transmission- Distribution and End-user
level Competitive Price per MW
Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
sec
1 min
30 min
1 hr
2 hr
10 hr
1 MW 5 MW 10 MW 500 MW 100 MW
Slow response
(> 15 min)
Med. fast
(minutes)
Fast
(seconds)
RES
Capacity firming
Energy Time Shift
Congestion Mgt.
Spinning
Reserve Black
start
Cost
Mgt. end
user
Voltage
Regulation
µGrid
(islanding)
Frequency Regulation
sec
1 min
30 min
1 hr
2 hr
10 hr
1 MW 5 MW 10 MW 500 MW 100 MW
PHS
CAES
Na-S
Li-Ion
Flywheels
SMES
SCAPS
Discharge
time
Discharge
time
Power
Response
time need
Battery technology is well adapted to the needs of the key storage applications
Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
25
Notify
The CSP initiates a load
curtailment by sending a signal to its customers to
reduce their loads by a
specified amount.
Curtail
1:00pm – Clients
manually shut off lights and other
devices, or use an
Energy Management System (“EMS”).
Verify
The CSP verifies the status of
the load reduction among all customers until it meets the level
required by the grid operator.
Restore
3:00pm – Clients
return systems to normal operation.
Demand
Response Event
During a period of
peak capacity, the grid operator
initiates a demand
response event and calls the CSP.
A basic concept – utilities provide incentives to electricity customers to
reduce their consumption during periods of peak demand.
Demand Side Response Scheduled Curtailments
August 8, 2007
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Hour Ending
Cu
rtailed
Lo
ad
(M
W)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
PJM
LM
P (
$/M
Wh
)
Economic Emergency PJM LMP
• To address the challenge of
peak demand, utilities typically
bring new generation assets
online, known as “peaker
plants.”
• Demand response offers a
faster and cheaper alternative
to peak generation.
• Utilities, grid operators, and
end users all have incentives
to adopt demand response.
Demand Response (DR): a smart grid technology
Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
DC Grid Configurations: From In-shore Point-to-point System to Offshore Grid System
Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
Supergrid : Toward a cross European Supergrid , the remaining barriers ..
Technological Challenges
DC protection scheme
DC fault cause rapidly changing
current in all lines (few ms!!)
Need to insure selectivity (only
faulty section to be switch off)
Need to develop new ultra-fast
autonomous protective relays
(telecommunication support not
fast enough)
DC Breaker
Need to be superfast to clear
faulty section in due time (IGBT
cannot withstand high overloads)
No zero crossing of DC current
Hybrid solution required as
mechanical drive not fast enough
Energy dissipation issues
Power flows management
AC and DC grids interaction have
to be controlled
At anytime power balance must
be = 0
Economical/Financial
Questions
Expensive installation
Massive use of converters and
cables
Need to upgrade AC grid at the
same pace
EU required investment
estimated in the range of +
100 B€
Financing scheme
Who will invest/own in the
supergrid (TSOs,
Governments,Generators
companies, Private investors)?
How revenues will be earned?
(regulated market or merchant
lines?)
What will be Return on
investment?
How to manage risk when
using innovative technologies?
How to manage huge
uncertainties on RES
deployment scenarios?
What will be impact of current
financial crisis?
Political/Socio-political
challenges
Infrastructures with higher regional value
than national
Difficult cost allocation (who will
pay what?)
Part of infrastructure will be external to EU
Political risk
Infrastructure has to insure Security of
supply
Political risk
Market could not be ready for
additional charges
Public acceptance of new infrastructures
Permitting
Right of ways
Who will be the regulating authority?
National?
Trans-national?
Multizonal?
Who will be the grid operator?
National + coordination with
neighbours?
National + Regional coordination?
Regional?
Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
However a strong path torward the Meshed DC Grid of tomorrow is already on the way
• Alstom Grid is part of the 5 Cigré working groups B4-56 to B4-60 working on the this topic
• Initial phases of VSC HVDC multi-terminal onshore AC Grid reinforcement are already taking place in Europe (like South-West Link) and in the USA
• ALSTOM DC Grid control philosophy being refined
• Modular DC Breakers are being developed suitable for application in different HVDC schemes, the critical component is the fast acting and reliable mechanical switch
• Optimised protection strategies are being developed
• New Markets associated with DC Grids being addressed
• Current flow control is being developed
• DC-DC converter design optimisation on-going
29 ALSTOM © 2012 Proprietary Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
Nice Grid – testing the future
Presentation title - 01/01/2010 - P 29
Support local balance, islanding
Active / Reactive control
Local Voltage regulation
Peak shaving, deffer grid
reinforcement
30 ALSTOM © 2012 Proprietary Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
Residential
In-
Home
Displa
yA
C
HW
Commercial
Aggregatorswwwemailsmsvoip
Industrial
Markets Operations Metering Settlements
DRBizNet
DR B
usin
ess N
etw
ork
Residenti
al
customer
s
Commercial
buildings
Industries
Aggregators
Distribution
control room
Managing the peaks of
consumption with PJM
Interconnection (USA)
Demand-
Response
Manageme
nt
Demand Response management at utilities and end-customer level throughout the day
Using DRBizNet in PJM market to enable more than 7500 MW of demand response
Real-time management of consumption peaks
Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
Alstom Deployment of Demand Response in the US
The largest production deployment of demand response management
system (DRMS) in the US
• 10= GW of demand response loads
• 1,000,000+ end-customers
• 250 + DRMS user companies
• 26+ states
32 ALSTOM © 2012 Proprietary Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
Multi-Terminal VSC HVDC provides greater flexibility
The South-West Link
An example of a planned
extension to a VSC HVDC
scheme providing further
onshore AC grid
reinforcement and cross-
border power exchange
Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
Tres Amigas Super-Station
• A Project in Development
• Multi-directional facility for renewable energy exchange between regions
• Stage 1 − Interconnection between WECC and Eastern
Interconnected System − 750 MW VSC BTB
• Future Stages − Future link with ERCOT to be added − Additional capacity for all directions − 2 x 750 MW VSC BTB − 3 x 920 MW LCC BTB
• Exposed DC Busbar for creating multi-terminal with superconductor bus
• Battery Storage included
• Auxiliary power from renewable generation
Marc Lamey – Alstom Grid -Vilnius, Lietvos Energetikos Konferencija 2012
Marc Lamey
Alstom Grid
Thank You
“Integrating Solar , Wind and other forms of variable generation
into the grid can be done efficiently and predictably. Energy
storage and other smart solutions which increase flexibility
are critical to satisfy growing demand and climate goals”