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The Excretory System
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Functions
• Excretion - Filtering metabolic wastes
• Wastes– Excess salts– Carbon Dioxide– Urea – produced when amino acids are
used for energy
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Skin
• Sweat– Excess water,
salt, small amounts of urea
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Lungs
• Excrete CO2 when energy is produced by the mitochondria
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Liver
• Converts amino acids to useful compounds
• Produces urea as waste
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Kidneys
• Remove waste products from the blood
• Maintain blood pH
• Regulate water content of blood
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Urinary System
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The Urinary Organs:
• Kidneys: filters that take waste out of the blood and make urine
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The Urinary Organs:
• Ureters: tubes that carry urine to the bladder
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The Urinary Organs:
• Bladder: a muscular bag that collects urine
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The Urinary Organs:
• Urethra: a tube that carries urine out of the body
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Kidneys
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Kidney Regions
Renal Corte
xRenal Medull
aRenal Pelvis
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Blood Flow
• Waste-laden blood enters kidneys through the renal artery
• Clean filtered blood leaves the kidney through the renal vein
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Nephron
• Structural units of the kidney
• Over 1,000,000 in each kidney!– 3 cm long– 0.03 mm wide
• Filter the blood• Reabsorb water,
glucose, and salt
Glomerulus
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NephronGlomerulus
Loop of Henle
Bowman’s Capsule
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Filtration
• Blood pressure forces blood through the glomerulus– All blood is
filtered every 45 minutes
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Filtration
• Filtrate– Water, urea,
glucose, salts, amino acids, and some vitamins• Proteins, cells, and
platelets are too large to pass through and remain in the blood
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Reabsorption
• Most of the filtrate reenters the blood
• Active transport– Amino acids, fats,
glucose
• Osmosis – 99% of water reabsorbed
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Urine
• Forms in Kidneys– Loop of Henle
• Made up of urea, excess salts, and water – Concentration
variation
• Kidney Ureter Bladder
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Bladder
• Hollow muscular organ • Flexible cells• Nerves tell the brain
when the bladder is full. – After 200 ml have
accumulated– After 1 minute reflex
subsides
• Holds approximately 500 ml
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Kidney Disease
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Dialysis
• http://www.kidneypatientguide.org.uk/site/HDanim.php