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The Excretory System
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What is Excretion?
• Excretion – the process of removing wastes from the body.– Can be in the form of a solid, liquid or gas.
• Wastes are useless to the body but if left to build up inside a person they could become poisonous and result in illness or death.
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Types of Wastes• Solid Wastes:
– Indigestible material left after digestion and absorption – feces.
• Discussed during Digestive System
• Gaseous Wastes:– The carbon dioxide you exhale.
• Discussed during Respiratory System
• Liquid Wastes:– Excreted from the body as either urine or sweat.
• Both are more than 90% water.– Contains waste nitrogen and salts.
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The Urinary SystemKidneys
Ureter
UrinaryBladder
Urethra
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Organs of the Urinary System1. The Kidneys• We have two kidneys
– Unfiltered blood enters through the renal artery off the aorta.
– Filtered blood leaves through the renal vein.
• Function:– Filter blood– Remove water and salts.– Make urine for
excretion.
RenalArtery
RenalVein
Ureter
UrinaryBladder
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Parts of the Kidney• Nephrons – filter the
blood to produce urine.– Approximately 1 million
per kidney.– Located in the outer rim of
the kidney.– Looks like a long coiled
tube with a cup at one end.• Each tiny tube extends into
the center of the kidney.
Nephron Artery Vein
Ureter
To the Urinary Bladder
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Parts of the Kidney• Glomerulus – A ball of
capillaries surrounded by the nephrons.– Particles being filtered
out; salts, amino acids, water, glucose and urea of the blood pass into the glomerulus.
• Harmful wastes continue down into the tubule.
• Beneficial products, water and some salts are reabsorbed.
GlomerulusTubule
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Organs of the Urinary System2. The Ureter• Ducts that carry urine from
the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
3. Urinary Bladder• Stores the urine until it is
released from the body.
4. Urethra• Opening through which
urine leaves the body.
RenalArtery
RenalVein
Ureter
UrinaryBladder
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Urine• Yellowish in color
– Dehydrated = darker yellow• Less water and higher concentration of salts and metabolic
wastes.• Body purposely reabsorbs as much water as it can to keep
functioning.– Hydrated = pale yellow to clear
• An excess of water that is not needed by the body and contains fewer metabolic wastes.
• Make-up:– 95% water– 5% dissolved particles (salts and metabolic wastes)
Kidney Stones: 1:53min
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Kidney Stones
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Other Excretory Organs
1. The Liver• Also filters the blood
as it passes through it.– Absorbs drugs and
other poisonous chemicals
• Changes their chemical structure.
• Excreted in the bile.
• Largest internal organ of the body!
Gall Bladder
Liver
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Other Excretory Organs2. The Skin• The largest organ of the
human body.• Functions:
– Excretion - water, salt, urea and uric acid are removed in sweat.
– Waterproofing - oil glands prevent entry of water into, and loss of water out of the body.
– Protection from Disease – Regulation of Body
Temperature – Sensory Detection - heat,
cold, touch, pressure and pain.
Epidermis
Dermis
Fat Cells
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Other Excretory Organs• 2 layers:
– Epidermis – outer layer• Provides a waterproof,
protective wrap over the body.
• Contains NO blood vessels.
Epidermis
Dermis
Fat Cells
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Other Excretory Organs– Dermis – inner layer
• Rich in blood vessels• Also contains hair
follicles, sweat glands, and oil glands.
Epidermis
Dermis
Fat Cells
Hair FollicleOil Gland
Sweat Gland
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Sweating
• Also called Perspiration• Primary means of temperature regulation:
– sweat cools the body due to evaporation.• Causes of sweating:
– Too hot, stressed or nervous • What is sweat?
– Water, salts, urea.
• BrainPop – Excretory System