Download - The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams
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This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661, the State of Michigan and Michigan State University. Michigan State University designs and establishes FRIB as a DOE Office of Science National User Facility in support of the mission of the Office of Nuclear Physics.
The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams
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Update from yesterday:
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25 years ago: ISL white paper
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NSAC 2002 Long Range Plan
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Facility for Rare Isotope Beams A Future DOE-SC National User Facility
§ Key feature is 400kW beam power (5 x1013 238U/s)
§ Separation of isotopes in-flight • Fast development time
for any isotope • Suited for all elements
and short half-lives
§ Reaccelerated beams (up to 12 MeV/u)
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FRIB: Facility for Rare Isotope Beams
New Construction
Ø FRIB is located on the campus of Michigan State University and funded by the U.S. Department of Energy
Ø MSU selected to design and establish FRIB in December 2008
Ø Project started in June 2009
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Accelerator Systems: SRF Driver Linac
§ Accelerate ion species up to 238U with energies of no less than 200 MeV/u
§ Provide beam power up to 400kW
§ Energy upgrade to 400 MeV/u for uranium by filling vacant slots with 12 SRF cryomodules
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Rare Isotope Production Facility
• Support areas, 3 subterranean levels » Non-conventional utilities » Remote handling gallery
and control room » Waste handling
• Target facility building high bay » Second and third stage of fragment separator » 50 ton bridge crane » Fragment separator power supplies
• Target hot cell, subterranean » Production target » Fragment preseparator » Primary beam dump(s) » Remote handling (RH) equipment
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Fragment Separator • Production of rare isotope beams with 400 kW beam power using light to heavy ions up to 238U with energy ≥ 200 MeV/u
– Large acceptance: ± 40 mrad (angular) and ± 5% (momentum) – High magnetic rigidity: 8 Tm after target
• Three separation stages for high beam purity plus operational versatility
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Fast, Stopped, and Reaccelerated Beam Experimental Areas and Equipment
Experimental Areas, Experimental Equipment
Beam Stopping
Reacceleration
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Stopped Beams at NSCL and FRIB
• Multifaceted approach – Linear gas stopper (heavier ion beams) – Cyclotron gas stopper (lighter ion beams) – Solid stopper (certain elements, highest
intensity)
• Status – Linear gas catcher (ANL) in place and
commissioning started – Cyclotron gas stopper construction started
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EBIT CB
RFQ CM2
CM3
CM1
ReA6
SECAR
AT-TPC, …
Thermalized rare isotopes
from CCF/FRIB
Reaccelerated Beams at NSCL and FRIB with ReA Facility
ANASEN, SUN, LENDA, SeGA/
CAESAR JENSA
EBIT/S charge breeder SRF linac ReA3 – 3 MeV/u for 238U Expandable to >12 MeV/u for 238U
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New accelerator and present experimental areas
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Transition from NSCL to FRIB
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FRIB timeline
• 8 June 2009 – DOE-SC and MSU sign Cooperative Agreement • September 2010 – CD-1 approved • August 2013 – CD-2/3a (civil construction) • March 2014 – Start civil construction • August 2014 – CD-3b approved (technical construction)
• December 2020 – Early completion goal • June 2022 – CD-4 (project completion)
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Critical path
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Ground breaking: March 17, 2014
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Civil construction: 8 Weeks Ahead
20 March 2015
Front-end building 16 months ahead of baseline
http://www.frib.msu.edu/
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Aerial view of FRIB construction site
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Conventional facilities progress
Tunnel warm and painted View inside linac tunnel from the west
View of target area from the north
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Conventional facilities site layout
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Conventional facilities site layout: Street view
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FRIB is needed to understand atomic nuclei
Figure adapted from www.scidacreview.org/0704/html/unedf.html
Ø A quantitative model of atomic nuclei with predictive power does not yet exist
The neutron-rich limit is only known up to oxygen
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FRIB is needed to understand the origin of the elements
Ø How were the elements from iron to uranium made?
Ø Where and how does the r-process occur?
r-process path
r-process proceeds in neutron-rich nuclei
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FRIB projected production rates
Blue 1 particle per day
O. Tarasov, T. Baumann
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Discovery potential
New territory to be explored
Nuclear Chart in 1966
Less than1000 known
today about 3000 known isotopes
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How many more nuclides are there?
7000 bound nuclide should exist (Erler et al.,Nature 486 (2012) 509)
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Discoveries are driven by new technologies
Radio- activity
Mass spectroscopy
First accelerators
Projectile fragmentation
WWII
Fusion evaporation
Reactors
M. T. and B.M. Sherrill, Nature 473 (2011) 25
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Timeline Movie http://www.nscl.msu.edu/~thoennes/isotopes
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Known isotopes
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Five-year running average
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Discovery of superheavy elements
~1 new element in 3 year
G. T. Seaborg and W. D. Loveland, “The elements beyond uranium", Wiley, New York, New York (1990)
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Discovery of super heavy nuclides
~4 new nuclides/year
G. T. Seaborg and W. D. Loveland, “The elements beyond uranium", Wiley, New York, New York (1990)
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Isotope discovery project
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Connect hot and cold fusion results
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Z versus N–Z
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Z versus N–Z
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Trends and systematics: S2p
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Trends and systematics: Ealpha
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Superheavies: Ealpha
Utyonkov and Oganessian, Nucl. Phys. A Cwiok, Heenen, Nazarewicz, Nature 433 (2005) 705
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Superheavies: T1/2
Utyonkov and Oganessian, Nucl. Phys. A
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Trends and systematics: N‒Z Ealpha
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Superheavies lines of constant Z: Ealpha
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Superheavies lines of constant N‒Z: Ealpha
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Lines of constant N‒Z
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Production methods
- Stable and naturally occurring radioactive isotopes
- Light-particle reactions - Neutron reactions - Fusion-evaporation - Fragmentation/spallation
All fusion-evaporation
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How can new nuclides be discovered?
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How produce new superheavy nuclides
W. Loveland, Phys. Rev. C 76 (2007) 014612
fusion with radioactive beams
V. Zagrebaev and W. Greiner Phys. Rev. C 78 (2008) 34610
cold fusion hot fusion multi-nucleon transfer
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Summary and outlook
Ø FRIB construction is on schedule: Ø Project completion June 2022 Ø Early completion in December 2020
Ø FRIB will most likely not discover new elements Ø But FRIB could reach neutron-rich isotopes of superheavy
elements towards N =184 Ø Research program is user driven Ø Users are organized as part of the independent
FRIB Users Organization with over 1400 members Ø Please join at www.fribusers.org