Philip III, succeeded his father, Philip II. He was king
of the Hispanic Monarchy from 1598 until 1621.
•Philip III did not care about the
government so he handed power over the
Duke of Lerma.
• From this point onwards, kings would not
rule by themselves, instead leaving power
in the hands of nobles, called validos.
• The first spanish valido was the Duke of
Lerma. He took advantage of his position
and power to increase his wealth.
The Duke of Lerma moved the
capital from Madrid to
Valladolid, his hometown,
where he could better
manipulate the king.
He also expelled the Moriscos in 1609.
275.000 moriscos were expelled. Depopulation ruined manyregions, especially affectingagriculture, since moriscos werein charge of it in most of Valencia and Aragon.
•The Monarchy was suffering a
economic crisis due to the
expenses of preserving the
territories.
•Thus, the Duke of Lerma convinced
Philip III to develop a pacifist
foreing policy.
•This led to the signing of a peace
treaty with England in 1604 and
the Twelve Years Truce with the
United Provinces in 1609.
Philip IV, succeeded his father, Philip III. He was king
of the Hispanic Monarchy from 1621 until 1665.
Like his father, King Philip
IV left government
responsabilities in the
hands of his favourite, the
valido Count-Duke of
Olivares.
He was a good primer
minister who tried to rebuilt
and strengthen the
Hispanic Empire.
Olivares main objectives were:
To share military expenses among all the territories
of the Monarchy.
To increase the king’s power by reducing the
autonomy of the territories.
These reforms met withstrong opposition. Thiscentralist policy causedvarious revolts in theHispanic Monarchy.
The most seriousuprisings took place in Catalonia and Portugal. The rebellionin Catalonia wassuppresed in 1652, butthe Portuguesedeclared theirindependence in 1668.
In 1621, when the
truce with the
United Provences
came to an end,
Philip IV started
the war against
the Flemish rebels
again.
It was a religious and politicalconflict with affected much of Europe.Protestant nobles rebelledaginst the Hapsburg’s HolyRoman Emperor, Ferdinand II, who asked King Philip IV for help.
The Peace of Westphalia (1648) ended the war and set up boundaries and regulations overthe Holy Roman Empire. Religiousprovisions were made to insurethe protestants had the samerights.
The Peace of Westfalia signified the loss of Spanishsupremacy in Europe as it recognized the northern Protestantsection of the Netherlands as the independent country of Holland. While the Catholic Spanish Netherlands later becameBelgium.
Charles II, succeeded his father, Philip IV. He was
king of the Hispanic Monarchy from 1665 until 1700.
Charles inherited thethrone when he wasonly 4 years old.
His mother, Maianna of Austria, ruled as regentuntil 1675. She was nota good regent so theking’s half-brother, MrJuan José de Austria, led the first coup d’etatof Spanish history, ending the governmentsof validos.
As King Charles II
was mentally and
physically ill, when he
came of age he could
not rule.
Thus, Mr. Juan José
de Austria and other
royal favourites ran
the government.
Spain was suffering a crisis due to:
An agriculturalcrisis.
The decline of trade
because of wars.
Population hadshrunk as a result of badharvests, warand plagues.
Society wasunproductive
because therewere a lot of nobles who lived off rents.
Mr. Juan José de Austria and the other Prime
Ministers tried to reform the economy that was
beginning to recover again by the end of the
century.
A lot of wars with
European countries,
especially with
France
impoverished the
Hispanic
Monarchy.By the
end of the reign,
some territories had
been lost.
However, King Louis
XIV of France returned
all the lost territories to
Spain and signed a
treaty because Charles
II had no heirs and he
wanted one of his
grandsons to be
elected as Charles II’s
successor.
With no heirs, a war broke
out in Spain and Europe.
The War of the Spanish
Succession was between
those who wanted Philip
of Bourbon, the grandson
of Louis XIV of France as
successor.
And those who wanted
Charles of Hapsburg,
son of the Emperor of
the Holy Roman
Empire and grandson
of Philip IV of Spain, as
successor.
http://www.fuenterrebollo.com/faqs-numismatica/sucesion-1700.html
http://www.phistoria.net/reportajes-de-historia/EL-CONDE-DUQUE-DE-OLIVARES-&-SU-EPOCA_98.html
http://alerce.pntic.mec.es/lsam0005/2bach_historia/tema7_ocaso_imperio.html
http://sentia.cz/?q=system/files/l.thehapsburgs.pdf
http://www.phistoria.net/reportajes-de-historia/La-Guerra-de-Sucesi%F3n-(1700-13)--y--Felipe-V-de-Espa%F1a_454.html