Gabriella Sciolla Why SLAC @ DUSEL 1
Gabriella Sciolla
MIT
Outline:
DUSEL: new opportunities in particle physics
Why DUSEL needs SLAC, why SLAC needs DUSEL
My vision of SLAC @ DUSEL
A concrete example: how SLAC can make a difference
Conclusion
SLAC, February 7, 2008
The future of particle physics at SLAC: why DUSEL
Gabriella Sciolla Why SLAC @ DUSEL 2
Why I am giving this talk
Important disclaimer: I am not an expert inunderground science I started working on Dark Matter experiment ~ 1 year ago
Same background of most people at SLAC High-energy collider physics (B-factory, Z pole e+e-)
Why is underground physics right for us? “Us”: SLAC users community Is physics interesting? Can we contribute effectively? Can we get funding?
My goal: offer an independent point of view on whatrole SLAC could play in the emerging field ofunderground physics
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Particle physics is changing Accelerator-based particle physics is becoming less central
to the overall program, especially in the US 1998: SLD, BaBar, Tevatron Run1 --> Run2, KTeV, fixed target
experiments at SLAC and Fermilab… 2008: Tevatron still running ~2010: anything left in the US?
Focus of collider physics will soon be at CERN LHC offers great physics opportunities, but it’s off-shore…
Can the US be home to exciting discoveries in particlephysics in the next 10-15 years? Underground physics offers us a unique chance DUSEL ideal site for many underground experiments
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What is DUSEL?
DUSEL = Deep Underground Science and EngineeringLaboratory If built, world-class facility for underground science What Science: Physics, Geology, Biology, Engineering How DEEP: up to 8,000 ft to screen cosmics
Why DUSEL?“A national underground laboratory offers the US some vital scientific
opportunities that will affect a number of important internationalefforts and provide a center in the US for some of the most excitingphysics at the beginning of the 21st century.”
From “Neutrinos and Beyond”
National Research Council Report, 2003
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The physics case is strong
Physics at DUSEL is as fundamental as it gets, and offers acomplementary approach to the same problems SLAC istraditionally interested in
Dark Matter direct detection Pay-off: 24% of the energy budget of the Universe Complementary to searches for LSP at high-energy colliders
CPV in neutrinos and neutrino oscillation The other “Flavor Physics” Maybe the key to matter-anti-matter asymmetry (leptogenesis
instead of baryogenesis)
Neutrinoless double beta decay Are neutrinos Majorana particles? What’s their mass? Majorana <--> Leptogenesis
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DUSEL approval process
NSF-led project: Initiated at NSF Town Meeting in March 2004 S1 (awarded in Jan 2005)
Define science scope , organize community
S2 (2 awarded in Sep 2005) Develop conceptual design for sites
S3 Technical design for MREFC for site Major funding: $15M over 3 years Awarded in Sep 2007 to UC Berkeley for Homestake site
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Homestake mine in Lead, SD
Located in western South Dakota, in the Black Hills near theWyoming state line.
The town was founded in 1876 after the discovery of gold Homestake mine is the largest, deepest (8240 feet) and one of
World’s most productive gold mine before closing in 2001
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Next step: experiments S4
Technical design for initial suite of experiments inpreparation for MREFC
Deadline for proposals: end of 2007 Anticipated $15M for Physics over 3 years
Final step to make DUSEL a reality: MREFC Major Research Equipment and Facility Construction
Anticipated ~ $500 M 50% facility, 50% experiments 7-8 years construction period Earliest construction: FY11
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Why SLAC needs DUSEL
World-class particle physics Well in line with SLAC’s traditional interests Big overlap with KAVLI: e.g.: Dark Matter
Chance to play a major role in this emerging field Countless reports raved about potential of underground physics
Deep Science, EPP2010, Neutrinos and Beyond, Quantum Universe,…
DUSEL becoming one of US top priority in particle physics Founding will follow
US-lead program on US soil Tevatron will end, LHC is off-shore, ILC looks far,…
Perfect timing Join now to make a difference!
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Why DUSEL needs SLAC (1)
Underground physics is evolving…
Example 1: Dark Matter Originally small collaboration O(10) built table-top experiments At DUSEL: large collaborations O(100) will build ton-size detectors
Example 2: Neutrino Physics Today: MINOS ~ size At DUSEL: 100 kton detector for solar neutrinos, long baseline
experiments, nucleon decay (H2O or scintillator)
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Why DUSEL needs SLAC (1)
Underground physics is evolving…
Example 1: Dark Matter Originally small collaboration O(10) built table-top experiments At DUSEL: large collaborations O(100) will build ton-size detectors
Example 2: Neutrino Physics Today: MINOS ~ size At DUSEL: 100 kton detector for solar neutrinos, long baseline
experiments, nucleon decay (H2O or scintillator)
SLAC experience in building large detectors andmanaging large collaboration would be invaluable!
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Why DUSEL needs SLAC (2) Building detectors on time and on budget is rare to find!
Team of world-class physicists and engineers used to build large detectors Facilities for R&D and construction
Facilities to assemble and test detectors National Lab better suited for large-scale projects
S/W & Computing Initially for MC simulation (GEANT-4), later for analysis
Project management Experience in making large collaboration work (underestimated at the
moment, but it is an issue…) Getting funding in a timely manner
VERY tight schedule to start construction in 2011 MREFC package due by 3/09
Major work is needed to get there R&D to scale detectors up, engineering, planning, reliable cost estimates,..
Having SLAC on board can make this possible
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SLAC’s credentials/advantages Well-documented history of stellar achievements in particle physics
2 Nobel Prizes, 40 years of building and operating successful experiments
SLAC has a (big!) foot in the door already Experience and leadership in EXO and CDMS
Proximity to Berkeley/LBL Berkeley won S3 for DUSEL and is now in charge of facility ($15M)
Long history of productive collaboration
Vibrant community of long-time users who may be looking for a new projectafter March 1st Probability(BaBar->LHC) << Probability(CDF-->LHC) Users could use SLAC as their point of entry to DUSEL
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Is SLAC’s expertise relevant to DUSEL?
Absolutely! Experience in designing/building large detectors
Technical challenges are a bit different, but no big deal… Computing Project management in large collaborations
Also, being different is an advantage sometimes SLAC expertise nicely complements that of DM community
A success story: EXO group at SLAC Design and construction of the TPC and related electronics Cyrogenics design and support Installation at WIPP of EXO-200 Environmental and safety systems R&D for the full EXO
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DOE National Labs at DUSEL
DUSEL is an NSF project Funded through MREFC
Yet, DOE National Labs do/may have primary roles LBNL (mostly nuclear physics) is the driving force behind the
DUSEL proposal as a facility (S3) Fermilab has grand plans for accelerator-based neutrino physics
Already major player, even more if Project X is approved NB: large user base makes Fermilab their point of entry
SLAC? My 2 cents: Capitalize on investment: ββ decay
EXO: Breidenbach’s group at SLAC, Gratta’s group at Stanford Diversify: Dark Matter
CDMS: proximity to Stanford Space for more than one group/technology in DM!
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My vision of SLAC @ DUSEL
Strong SLAC contingent working on DUSEL experiments 2-3 SLAC groups will join experiments at DUSEL
Large groups, but not too large Each group will address a different physics topic
Variety is important to enrich physics portfolio Synergy among the various efforts
Common technical issues allow to share equipment & expertise
SLAC should also act as a user facility for DUSEL Offer infrastructures to university-based groups in R&D phase
E.g: test radioactivity of materials Natural choice to assemble and test detectors before installation
Clean-rooms essential for any detector component at DUSEL Larger modules need high-bay, cranes, etc
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What projects?
Physics interest dictates the choice! For sure MANY options!
My favorite: Dark Matter Goal: reach 10-46 cm2/nucleon, 1-10 tonn fiducial mass Many techniques on the market: a creative environment!
L Xe TPC (a la Xenon 10) L Ar TPC (a la WARP) L Ar/Ne single phase (DEEP/CLEAN) Cryo Ge (a la CDMS) Bubble chamber (a la COUPP) Directional gaseous detector (a la DM-TPC)
It pays to use different technologies and materials SD or SI interactions? Does σ~A2?
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More options: neutrino physics
Neutrino-less ββ decay Different approaches:
136Xe in large TPC (EXO)
Ge arrays at cryogenic temperature (Majorana) Scale: 100 kg (now) --> tonn (DUSEL)
Long baseline neutrino oscillation/proton decay This will be a HUGE detector:
100 kton scale detectors : LAr and H20 Fermilab’s main interest for the future: “Project X”
Covered?
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Example of how SLAC could make a difference:
DM-TPC: directional DM detection Low-pressure CF4 TPC with optical readout Goals: directionality, Spin-Dependent interactions
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Progress so far
Proved detector concept, observed head-tail effect
Small collaboration: 15 people from Boston University, Brandies, and MIT
NIM A584:327-333,2008
α stopping in CF4 F recoil due to n from 252Cf
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Great potential: SLAC could make this happen!
Full scale module in the works Volume: 4 m3
Mass 1-2 Kg (P=50-100 torr) 1 year underground:
350-700 kg-day SIMPLE/PICASSO 2 Kg-day CDMS 34(12) Kg-day for Ge(Si)
Expected limits on σSD ~ 10-37
Very competitive!
Much work needed R&D for full scale prototype Scale up to large detector
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Conclusion
In the next 10-15 years underground physics can yieldimportant discoveries in particle physics Dark Matter, CP violation in neutrinos, ββ decays, p decay…
With DUSEL the US is in a position to lead this emergingfield of particle physics Necessary for DOE and NSF to keep operating at present level
SLAC can be a major player at DUSEL Experience in building and managing large experiments is key: still
rare in underground physics world SLAC’s expertise complements that of current DM community:
strength not weakness!
DUSEL can become an essential part of SLAC’s future Rich physics program well matched to interests and expertise of
the lab and its users