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The history of Swedish Youth Care
Nils Åkesson
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Råby Rescue home was set up 1838
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The founder of Råby, baron Gösta Gyllenkrok
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Dormitory at Råby
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Johannisberg, knitting boys
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Folåsa Rescue home 1901
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Johannisberg evening prayers
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Johannisberg gardening
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Johannisberg, woodwork 1928
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Folåsa hay harvest
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Else Kleen:
”Having semi-qualified staff in these positions simply won´t do. Recruitement of managers is being dealt whit in a haphazard manner. Retired army officers or young unexperienced deacons are not suited as heads of protection homes”.”The more qualified the supervisors are, the emptier the punishment ledger will be”.
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Långanäs where harnesses where produced for the army during the war (39-45)
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Långanäs where harnesses where produced for the army during the war (39-45)
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Brättegården geography lesson 1939
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Youth crime rate, theft
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Youth care school homes´occupancy rates.
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Johannisberg in the beginning of -60
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Media coverage of juvenile crimes
theftviolence
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Home for assesment, Hässleholm 1991
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Capacity within SiS youth care
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
LSULVU
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Improving the Effectivness of Juvenile Justice Programs, Lipsey m.fl, 2010
For youths with severe antisocial problems and who are placed in closed institutions Lipsey argues for the importance of a systematic approach.
Interventions and efforts aimed at this group ought to be extensive and targeted at the youngster’s specific needs, i.e. specific risk and protective factors.
The adolescent should be offered some form of transition or re-entry programs, case managers or after-car.
A systematic approach to such challenges requires:• A thorough examination of the adolescent’s risk of relapse • Necessary treatment or support should be emphasized and
given priority • Enforcement plans or treatment plans should include a time
schedule and be possible to follow up. Furthermore, plans must be revised and followed-up on a regular basis.
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Unintended harm of institutional care
Youths are separated from normal maturation processes
Family ties are, at least temporarily, cut or weakened
The development of social skills is obstructed
Negative peer influences Education may be interrupted Responsibility for everyday life is limited Compulsory care is in itself offensive
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Advantages of institutional care
An institution can offer shelter in a situation of chaos and anxiety
Put a halt to destructive behavior, such as drug abuse
A youth will be inhibited from developing antisocial norms and behavior ”out there”
Compensatory schooling, health care, social training, activities of daily life, etc
Influence on the youth all day, every day (building alliances between staff and youths)
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Future institutional care Institutional care must be well-structured and
predictable Treatment should be organized according to
knowledge based principles; scientific evidence, professional experience, and the youth’s own needs and preferences
Efforts should be aimed at reinforcing normal maturation processes
Limit additional coercive measures within this framework – such as seclusions or restraints
Professional management so that dysfunctional (for example repressive) manners are less likely to thrive
Competence in cooperation and working with many external parties
Tomorrow’s institution is a learning organization