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The Holocene climate in the Great Plains (as observed in dune chronology)Presenter: Erin DunbarAssistant: Liz Westby
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Drought Records
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Dune Types
Sparknotes, 2012
University of Maryland, 2010
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Casper Dune Field
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Western Dune Field
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Eastern Dune Field
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Sand Hills, Nebraska
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Sand Hills, Nebraska
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Sand Hills, Nebraska
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Vegetation
Grama GrassBlueplanetbiomes.org, 2012
Wheat GrassLakehuron.ca, 2012
Artemisia (various)Discoverlife.com, 2012
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Soil Formation Haplargid (Halfen, 2010)
Arid Climate Soil Soils is moist less than 90 days a year, when temperature is above 8⁰ C Soil is dry more than half of the time, cumulatively, when the
temperature is above 5⁰ C
Argillic Horizon Presence of clays Greater than parent material
Haplo- Minimum horizon development
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Dating Methods
14C dating of soil Organic matter Charcoal Removed roots and humic acids
Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) Dating the sediments in the dune deposits Estimation of burial time
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Casper Dune Field Cores
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Sand Hills Field Cores
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Casper Dune Field Results – 14C
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Casper Dune Field Results – OSL
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Sand Hill Field Results
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Great Plains Correlation
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Haflen Miao
Significant Dates
Active 10.0 – 6.2 ka Active at 8.2 ka Stable until 6.1-6.7 ka Active in west 6.1 ka
Active 4.2 – 4.1 ka
Active 1.0 – 0.4 ka
Loess accumulation 9.4 – 6.5 ka
Max activity 3.8 ka Max activity 2.5 ka Max activity 0.7 ka
Dune activity 4.5 – 2.3 ka (drought)
Last activity 1.0 – 0.7 ka (MCA drought)
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References Birkeland, Peter. Soils and Geomorphology, 3rd ed. 1999. Oxford
University Press. Halfen, Alan, et al. Holocene stratigraphy and chronology of the
Casper Dune Field, Casper, Wyoming, USA. 2010. The Holocene 20(50) p. 773-783.
Loope, David and Swinehart, James. Thinking like a dune field; a geologic history in the Nebraska Sand Hills. Great Plains Research 10; Spring 2000: p. 5-35.
Miao, Xiaodong, et al. A 10,000 year record of dune activity, dust storms, and severe drought in the Central Great Plains. Geology, February 2007; v. 35; p. 119-122.