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• The homework due date has been postponed. It is now due on Thursday at 10:00 pm.
• The Chapter 7 Test will be on Friday
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Chapter 7Glycolysis, Pyruvate Oxidation and
the Citric Acid Cycle
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You Must Know
• The role of glycolysis in oxidizing glucose to two molecules of pyruvate.
• How pyruvate is moved from the cytosol into the mitochondria and introduced into the citric acid cycle.
• That the citric acid cycle oxidizes organic molecules to produce NADH and FADH2
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Figure 7.6-1
Electronsvia NADH
Glycolysis
Glucose Pyruvate
CYTOSOL
ATP
Substrate-level
MITOCHONDRION
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Substrate-level phosphorylation
Substrate
P
ADP
Product
ATP
Enzyme Enzyme
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Figure 7.6-2
Electronsvia NADH
Glycolysis
Glucose Pyruvate
Pyruvateoxidation
Acetyl CoA
Citricacidcycle
Electronsvia NADH and
FADH2
CYTOSOL
ATP
Substrate-level
ATP
Substrate-level
MITOCHONDRION
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Figure 7.6-3
Electronsvia NADH
Glycolysis
Glucose Pyruvate
Pyruvateoxidation
Acetyl CoA
Citricacidcycle
Electronsvia NADH and
FADH2
Oxidativephosphorylation:electron transport
andchemiosmosis
CYTOSOL
ATP
Substrate-level
ATP
Substrate-level
MITOCHONDRION
ATP
Oxidative
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• For each molecule of glucose degraded to CO2 and water by respiration, the cell makes up to 32 molecules of ATP
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm
Glycolysis Pyruvateoxidation
Citricacidcycle
Oxidativephosphorylation
ATP ATP ATP
Glycolysis occurs whether or not O2 is present.
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Energy Investment Phase
Energy Payoff Phase
Net
Glucose
Glucose
2 ADP 2 P
4 ADP 4 P
2 NAD 4 e− 4 H
2 NAD 4 e− 4 H
4 ATP formed − 2 ATP used
2 ATP
4 ATP
used
formed
2 NADH 2 H
2 Pyruvate 2 H2O
2 Pyruvate 2 H2O
2 NADH 2 H
2 ATP
Glycolysis
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Figure 7.UN07
Glycolysis Pyruvateoxidation
Citricacidcycle
Oxidativephosphorylation
ATP ATP ATP
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Figure 7.10
CYTOSOLPyruvate(from glycolysis,2 molecules per glucose)
CO2
CoANAD
NADH
MITOCHONDRION CoAAcetyl CoA H
In the presence of O2, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion (in eukaryotic cells).
Pyruvate is oxidized
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Figure 7.10b
CoA
Citricacidcycle
FADH2
FAD
ADP Pi
ATP
NADH
3 NAD
3
3 H
2 CO2
CoAAcetyl CoACitric Acid Cycle
All along the citric acid cycle organic molecules are oxidized and NAD+ is reduced to become NADH and FAD is reduced to become FADH2.
The NADH and FADH2 produced by the cycle relay electrons extracted from food to the electron transport chain.