Download - The Impact of Erosion from Water Runoff
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The Impact of Erosion from Water RunoffBy: Nicolas Wieland and Tony Nixon
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Overview• Farm in Scott County, Minnesota• Erosion occurs on a cattle pasture• Drain tile directs water flow • Additional surface water flow• All water drains to a wetland
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Contributing Area
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Erosion• Erosion - is the process by which soil and rock are removed
from the Earth's surface by natural processes such as wind or water flow, and then transported and deposited in other locations
• Most noticeable source of erosion: water runoff/drainage• Influencing factors to erosion: vegetation cover, topography,
soil structure, and quantity of water
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Agricultural Practices• Livestock Grazing• Tillage• Hillside Farming• Drain Tile
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Materials• Total Station• Prism Rod• Global Positioning System• Geographic Information System• Microsoft Excel• Field Notebook• Pitchfork• Knee Boots
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Methods: Data Collection• Visual inspection of site• Revealed slight long-term erosion and very severe erosion
• Total Station for collecting elevation information• Recorded Horizontal Angle, Horizontal Distance, Vertical
Distance, and sufficient notes• Benchmark set as 100 feet• 4 groups of foreshots: undisturbed terrain, slightly eroded
terrain, 2 sets to define the aggressive erosion
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Four Groups of Foreshots
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Methods: ArcMap Analysis• IDW interpolation of digital elevation models (DEM) • Predicted • Actual
• Use break lines in interpolation for increased accuracy• Gully edge for actual elevation model• Gully centerline for predicted elevation model
• Predicted elevation model excluded the points from the bottom of the gully
• Raster calculator subtracting cell values of the DEMs• Surface volume calculation
• Contributing area determination and calculation
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From Tile Exit to Bottom• 430 feet long• 16.5 vertical feet• 5 vertical feet from south edge to tile exit
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Results• 8,659.7 cubic feet removed• 2.9 cubic feet not removed• 94 acres contributing to runoff
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Analysis• IDW vs. Spline interpolation• Dirt 'not' eroded• Non-erodable materials
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Implications• 12 inches of snow + 0.5 inch of rain = 683,000 cubic feet (5.1 million gallons)• Melt and drain in 5 days• Impermeable frost layer or saturated ground = 1.5 cubic feet per second (average)• Reasonably double, or more, at times
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Geeky Stuff• 2 feet high column of water exerts 1 psi.• Assume water flows at 2 feet/second = 1.5+ feet cross section of water = 216+ square inches• Pressure adds up quickly
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Questions??