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The Impact of ROW Management on Apiary Populations Gary S. Reuter, University of Minnesota www.beelab.umn.edu
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Your breakfast without bees
Scientific American April 2009
Value of crops in US that depend on pollination: >$18.9 billion
$217 billion worldwide
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Alfalfa Hay – Bee Pollination – Dairy and Beef
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Your grocery store without bees
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Healthy BeesHealthy FoodHealthy Lives
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Honey Bees
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Decline in U.S. honey bee colonies 1945-2007
Since 2007, 30-40% of all honey bee colonies die annuallyBeekeepers struggle to replace losses
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Wild Bee Pollinators Also in Decline
Bumblebee
Sweat bee
Miner beeLeafcutter bee
Orchard Mason bee
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Photo: Matthew Shepherd
Ground-nesting (~70%)
Wild Bee NestsTunnel-nesting (~30%)
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Wild Bees:Larva feeds on pollen ball provisioned by mother bee
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750,000 acres of almonds in Central CA requires 1.5 million colonies of honey bees for pollination
No Bees, No Nuts
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72,000 acres of blueberries across U.S. requires 150,000 colonies of honey bees for pollination
No Bees, No Berries
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Colonies trucked in and out because after bloom there are no flowers and
many pesticide applications
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Protect Bees FoodIf there are flowers blooming, there will be
bees foraging
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What bees eat• Pollen - protein• Nectar – carbs• Water
Pollination Happens
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“Bee” FlowersMajor Honey Plants• Clover• Alfalfa• Basswood• Buckwheat
Wildflowers/ weeds• Mustards• Vetch• Dandelion• Goldenrod• Sumac
Trees - pollen• Maple• Willow• Oak
Gardens/ fruit trees• Vine crops• Berries• Canola• Apple
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Bees collect corn pollen but only when hungry (low protein content)
Bees may collect nectar from soybeans in MN only when hot and humid
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Bees forage 2.5 miles from colony, on average
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What can the public do?
Plant flowers!www.xerces.org/
pollinator-conservation/
• Pay attention to neonicotinoid systemic insecticide use, especially in urban landscapes!
• Plant bee gardens
• Encourage roadside plantings of flowers
• CRP land: put legumes in mix
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What can the public do?
Plant flowers!www.xerces.org/
pollinator-conservation/
• Pay attention to neonicotinoid systemic insecticide use, especially in urban landscapes!
• Plant bee gardens
• Encourage roadside plantings of flowers
• CRP land: put legumes in mix
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Ice fishing in Minnesota
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Collecting Pollen and Nectar
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Foraging trip of a weakened bee in our modern landscape:
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What can you do to help?
• Turn off the sprayer.
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What can you do to help?
• Turn off the sprayer.
• Learn what the noxious weed look like.
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Questions?
The endReferences
Gary S. Reuter [email protected] University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Ave. Rm 219, St. Paul, MN 55108
www.tc.umn.edu/~reute001Equipment plansCool PicturesBeekeeping information
BeeLab.umn.eduHelp build bee labBee Squad information“Healthy Bees” on-line course!
open for registration, $25 for 4 year accessBumble bee rearing manual, for sale!Book on “Alternative Pollinators” to be publishedProtecting Pollinators posterBeekeeping Manual & videoHoney bee Queen Rearing Manual & videoBeekeeping PostersMead Making Poster
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1/3 of the food you eat is
dependent on pollination by honeybees.
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allspice
Macadamia
Crops Pollinated by Honey Bees
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Burdock
Thistle
Sunflower
Canola
Clover
DandelionBerries
Milkweed
Butterfly weed
Sumac
BerriesBasswood VetchVine crops
“Bee”
Flowers
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Bumblebee Rearing Maunual available on web site
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BEE RESEARCH FACILITY
PERSPECTIVE – Two Level Option
www.BeeLab.UMN.EDU
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ReferencesGary S. Reuter [email protected]
University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Ave. Rm 219, St. Paul, MN 55108
www.tc.umn.edu/~reute001Equipment plansCool PicturesBeekeeping information
Its Back!BeeLab.umn.eduHelp build bee lab“Healthy Bees” on-line course!
open for registration, $25 for 4 year accessBumble bee rearing manual, for sale!Book on “Alternative Pollinators” to be publishedProtecting Pollinators posterBeekeeping Manual & videoHoney bee Queen Rearing Manual & videoBeekeeping PostersMead Making Poster
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