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The Integumentary SystemThe Integumentary System
SKIN
HAIR
NAILS
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Medical TerminologyMedical Terminology
cutanecutane/o : skin/o : skin
cyan/o : bluecyan/o : blue
epiepi-- : over, upper: over, upper
erythroerythro-- : red: red
lip/o : fatlip/o : fat
melanmelan/o : black/o : black
subsub-- : under, below: under, below
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Terminology PracticeTerminology Practice
liposuction
dermatitis
dermatoplasty
melanoma
cyanotic
subcutaneous
epigastric
erythrocyte
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Skin DiagramSkin DiagramDraw and color a cross-section diagram of the Draw and color a cross-section diagram of the
skin. Label and briefly describe each of the skin. Label and briefly describe each of the following structures:following structures:
EpidermisEpidermis ArteryArteryDermisDermis VeinVeinSubcutaneous fasciaSubcutaneous fascia Hair follicleHair follicleSebaceous glandSebaceous gland Hair shaftHair shaftSudoriferous glandSudoriferous gland Arrector pili muscleArrector pili muscleNerveNerve PoresPores
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Sebaceous (oil) glandSebaceous (oil) gland
HairHairPorePore
Sudoriferous Sudoriferous (sweat) gland(sweat) gland
NerveNerve
ArteryArtery
Hair follicleHair follicleVeinVein
Arrector pilli Arrector pilli musclemuscle
EpidermisEpidermis
DermisDermis
Sub-Sub-cutaneous cutaneous fasciafascia
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Functions of the SkinFunctions of the Skin
1.1. ProtectionProtection
- From ultraviolet rays and pathogens- From ultraviolet rays and pathogens
- Holds moisture in- Holds moisture in
2.2. Sensory PerceptionSensory Perception
- Pain, pressure, temperature, and touch- Pain, pressure, temperature, and touch
3.3. Body Temperature RegulationBody Temperature Regulation
- Blood vessels dilate to release heat and - Blood vessels dilate to release heat and
constrict to conserve heatconstrict to conserve heat
- Cool body through evaporation of sweat- Cool body through evaporation of sweat
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4.4. StorageStorage
- Fat, glucose, water, vitamins, and salts- Fat, glucose, water, vitamins, and salts
5.5. AbsorptionAbsorption
- Some medications- Some medications
6.6. ExcretionExcretion
- Salt, excess water, and some wastes - Salt, excess water, and some wastes eliminated through the sweateliminated through the sweat
7.7. ProductionProduction
- Produces Vitamin D- Produces Vitamin D
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PigmentationPigmentation
• Melanin: a brownish-black pigment
• Carotene: a yellowish-red pigment
* The amounts of these two pigments determine a person’s skin color
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Abnormal Colors of the SkinAbnormal Colors of the Skin• AlbinoAlbino : the absence : the absence
of pigmentationof pigmentation
• ErythemaErythema : reddish : reddish color of skincolor of skin
• JaundiceJaundice : yellow : yellow discoloration of skindiscoloration of skin
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CyanosisCyanosis : a bluish discoloration of the skin : a bluish discoloration of the skin due to a lack of oxygendue to a lack of oxygen
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Skin EruptionsSkin Eruptions
• MaculesMacules : flat spots : flat spots on the skinon the skin
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• PapulesPapules : firm raised : firm raised areasareas
• VesiclesVesicles : fluid-filled : fluid-filled sacs or blisterssacs or blisters
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• PustulesPustules : pus-filled : pus-filled sacssacs
• CrustsCrusts : areas of : areas of dried pus and blood dried pus and blood (scabs)(scabs)
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• WhealsWheals : itchy, : itchy, elevated areas with an elevated areas with an irregular shapeirregular shape
• UlcerUlcer : a deep loss of : a deep loss of skin surfaceskin surface
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Decubitus Ulcers(Bedsores)
• Open sores in the Open sores in the skin and underlying skin and underlying tissues due to tissues due to pressure over a bony pressure over a bony areaarea
• Cuts off the blood Cuts off the blood supply and the tissue supply and the tissue diesdies
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DiseasesDiseases
Acne : an inflammation of the sebaceous glands
- Caused by a blockage of the hair follicles with dirt, cosmetics, excess oil, and/or bacteria
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AlopeciaAlopecia : baldness; a : baldness; a permanent loss of hair permanent loss of hair on the scalpon the scalp
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VerrucaeVerrucae : rough, hard, elevated, rounded surface : rough, hard, elevated, rounded surface forms on the skin - wartsforms on the skin - warts
- Caused by a viral infection of the skin- Caused by a viral infection of the skin
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Skin CancersSkin Cancers : :
- Forms that are usually localized – don’t spread to - Forms that are usually localized – don’t spread to other areas of bodyother areas of body
Basal cell carcinomaBasal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinomaSquamous cell carcinoma
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Skin CancersSkin Cancers- Form that CAN spread to other parts of the body Form that CAN spread to other parts of the body
and be fataland be fatal
Malignant MelanomaMalignant Melanoma
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Signs of Malignant MelanomaSigns of Malignant Melanoma
AAsymmetrical in shapesymmetrical in shape
BBorders of lesion are scalloped or irregularorders of lesion are scalloped or irregular
CColors are varied – black, brown, white, redolors are varied – black, brown, white, red
DDiameter is larger than a pencil eraseriameter is larger than a pencil eraser