THE INTERNETChapter 13
Internet- Interconnection and Networks
• “the Net”
• Computers have played a significant role in our everyday life
• Growth in popularity and networking of computers, intercommunication
• An enigmatic computer gizmo
• games, music, and generally entertainment
•much broader concept than mere entertainment and recreational activities
• Revolutionizing and enhancing the ways of human interaction and communication.
Internet …
It consists of thousands of separately administered networks of various sizes and types. Each of these networks comprises tens of thousands of computers.
Total number of users of the Internet is known to be in millions
• unparalleled degree of communication
• resource sharing
• information access
The most powerful and important technological advancement since the introduction of the desktop computer
Evolution of internet
1969 ARPANET becomes functional
1984 ARPANET has more
than 1,000 individual computers linked as
hosts
1986 NSF connects NSFnet to ARPANET
and becomes known as
the Internet
1995 NSFNet
terminates its network
on the Internet
and resumes status as research network
1996 Internet2 is founded
Today More than
550 million hosts
connect to the
Internet
Owner Of Internet
No one company or country can be considered as owner of InternetOwnership shared among various entities
Coordination:Internet Society (ISOC)Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
In the US – ICANN – Internet names and port numbers
Anatomy of Internet
• Host
• Application programs to avail services
• Network
• Two or more hosts communicating
• Router
• Routes the data to destination
BA
Internet Terminology
•World Wide Web (WWW)
• the network of HTML files stored on Web servers and interlinked with hyperlinks
•Web page
• a hypertext document on the World Wide Web.
•Website
• A set of related pages published by an organization.
• Home page• the Web page that
appears when you start the browser, the index or default page of a particular Web server, folder, or person's Web site.
• Browser • a software application
used to access the World Wide Web and view web pages
Internet Terminology … URL
• hypertext transfer protocol = Protocol used for all files on the web.
• The added s indicates a higher level of security for information on those pages.
• Web server Name/Domain Name• Path, Filename, Domain Name
http://www.northsouth.edu/courses/mis-105.html
Domain
Description
.edu A college or university
.com Commercial business site
.gov U.S. Government / non- military site
.net Networks, Internet service providers, organizations & personal sites
.mil U.S. Military & Agencies sites
.org Non-profit organizations and others
Hypertext
Electronic files containing links that can be selected to move to another part of the document or to another document altogether.
A hyperlink is a command embedded in text or an object which, when clicked, will open another file, take you to another place in the same file or to a new location on the internet.
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
Organization connected permanently to the internet, leases temporary connections to subscribers.
ISP (Internet service
provider)Regional ISPs
provide Internet access to a
specific geographical area
National ISPs provide Internet access in cities
and towns nationwide
Online service provider (OSP)
Has many members-only
features
Popular OSPs include AOL
(America Online) and MSN (Microsoft Network)
Wireless Internet service
providerProvides wireless Internet access to
computers and mobile devices
May require a wireless modem
Servers …
• Servers
• computer that receives and fulfills requests to provide specific services on a network.
• A Web server
• is a computer that delivers requested Web pages to your computer
• Download
• to copy electronic data from another computer to your computer over a network.
• Upload
• to transfer a file from your computer to another computer.
Protocols
SMTP: The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol utility translates between local and Internet mail formats, allowing clients to send/receive Internet e-mail.
FTP: The File Transfer Protocol utility enables file transfers to and from the server.
TCP/IP: the standard suite of protocols used to connect computers on the Internet and onintranets.
NNTP: Network News Transport Protocol
HTTP: See before
Connecting to Internet
Computer & ModemInternet connection Types
DialupCable ConnectionDSL BroadbandDedicated Leased LineISDN Wireless Connection
Internet’s Software
• TCP/IP• Dialer
Software• Browser
Web Browser
Online Demonstration
Internet Usages
E-MailFTPTelnet (Remote Login)IRC Chatting and Instant MessagingInternet TelephonyVideo ConferencingCommerce through InternetMailing Lists
Electronic Mail
Email Address Structurelogin@mailserverChecking EmailSending EmailEmail Attachment
How Email Works
NetiquetteRule 1: Remember the HumanRule 2: Adhere to the same standards of behavior online
that you follow in real lifeRule 3: Know where you are in cyberspaceRule 4: Respect other people's time and bandwidthRule 5: Make yourself look good onlineRule 6: Share expert knowledgeRule 7: Help keep flame wars under controlRule 8: Respect other people's privacyRule 9: Don't abuse your powerRule 10: Be forgiving of other people's mistakes….
Search Engines
Refining Your Search
Logical operators
• AND
• OR
• NOT
• “” Double Quotes
• () parenthesis for grouping (X OR Y)
• * Asterisk *biryani