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The LearnerThe LearnerThe LearnerThe Learner
PHED 2017 - InquiryPHED 2017 - Inquiry
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MD Review...Define these terms:
• Growth
• Maturation
• Development
• Phylogenetic
• Ontogenetic
• Cephalocaudal
• Proximodistal
• Open skills
• Closed skills
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Teaching is a journey!As a teacher you have to:
1.Know where your students are now – starting
point (pre-assessment)
2.Know where you want them to go – expectations
3.Know how you will take them there
–teaching/learning strategies
4.Know when they have arrived - assessment
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Domains of Human Development
GOOD TEACHING
Analytical Intellectual Rational Reasoning Thinking
Influence Inspire Impress Persuade Touch
Physical Run Jump Throw
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How do the three domains develop over time?
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Pre-Assessment of Learners
1. What are their needs?2. What motivates them?3. How do they learn?4. How effectively do they move?
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• In order for us to answer these
questions, we need to look at the
research on human development...
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What are their needs?
Self-actualization
Esteem & Self-respect
Belonging & Affection
Safety & Security
Physiological
One level must be fulfilled prior to the next level.
Maslow’s Hierarchy What
DOMAIN?Affective Cognitive
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What Motivates them?• Kohlberg – moral development
(http://faculty.plts.edu/gpence/html/kohlberg.htm)
Exchange of Favours (ages 6-9)
“Good boy - Nice girl” (ages 10-15)
Law & Order (ages 15-18)
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How do they learn?• Learning is closely tied to human
development:– Freud – psychosexual development– Erikson – psychosocial stages– Piaget – developmental milestones – Havighurst – bio-social interaction– Newell – dynamic systems perspective– Gardner – multiple intelligences– Kolb – experiential learning
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Do we have to decide?
• Piaget - we learn based on previous
interactions with the ENVIRONMENT
(http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/piaget.htm)
• Gardner - we learn through our
multiple intelligences (each unique
to the individual) • (http://www.education-world.com/a_curr/curr054.shtml)
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Newell• Most contemporary MD theory• Dynamic systems perspective• “Everything matters”• “Everything changes”• 3 elements – mover, task, environment• Teacher has most control over the TASK
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MovemeMovementnt
Movements emerge from the interaction among the characteristics of the mover, the demands of the task, and the conditions of the environment.
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Movements emerge from the interaction among the characteristics of the mover, the demands of the task, and the conditions of the environment.
MOVERMOVER• Physical characteristics• Cognitive abilities • Gender• Age• Ability/Disability• Emotional maturity • Attitude• Physique
ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT• Temperature• Gravity • Land/Water• Support Surface• Home• School• Classroom• Team • Neighbourhood
TASKTASK • Equipment design• Moving in different levels, pathways, or speeds• Size of targets• Ball handling• Balance • Accuracy
• Galloping,Hopping
AdaptivAdaptiveeLearninLearningg
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Teachers should determine the activity options considering the components of the dynamic triangle.
The activity options should be within the preference framework of the child.
The activity options should be developmentally appropriate
The activity options should allow for variety of practice
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How effectively do they move?
• This is where YOU get involved!
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5 GROUPS:• Physical Growth & Maturation• Motor Skills• Physical Activity• Psychological Factors• Developmental Skill Acquisition
Discuss what the research says.....
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Present 4 pieces of advice to your fellow teachers:
1. Children are NOT miniature adults2. Boys and girls are more alike than
different3. Good things are earned4. No Body is perfect
NOTE – an example may help!
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Do YOU have a developmental perspective?
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For Wednesday....• Find out who MUSKA MOSSTON is...• Choose ONE of his teaching styles,
and summarize it, in ½ page• In the second ½ comment on how
that teaching style might contribute to student learning based on what we discussed today
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