Download - The life of an oil and gas field
PRESENTED BY:
SURESH BALRAJ
B.Sc. Petroleum Engineering, Year 4
Point Lisas Campus
Wednesday 11th March, 2009
THE LIFE OF AN OIL & GAS
FIELD
Where Will You Fit In?
SPE UTT SC TECHNICAL SESSION #4
OBJECTIVES
Life stages of an oil and gas field
Chronological order of work performed in each stage
Disciplines involved in each stage and their functions
Reservoir parameters determined during the stages
Keep you awake…
METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
TRINIDAD & TOBAGO
RESERVES
TRINIDAD ACTIVITIES
OIL vs GAS
PRODUCTION
DEVELOPMENT
APPRAISAL
EXPLORATION DECOMMISSIONING
COMPETENCIES
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
Field - Area consisting of single/multiple reservoirs all grouped on or related to
same individual geological structural feature &/or stratigraphic condition
INTRODUCTION
Field - Group of producing oil & gas &/or injection wells
- Wells may produce from several reservoirs at different depths
FIELD A
FIELD B
FIELD C
FIELD D
D-1
D-2 ST1D-3 ST3 XX
TRINIDAD & TOBAGO
Trinidad & Tobago Fields (May 2007)Trinidad & Tobago Concessions (April 2008)
RESERVES
(P90) (P90 + P50) (P90 + P50 + P10)
SPE/WPC/AAPG Resource Classification
PROVED GAS, TCF R/P RATIO OIL, MMSTB R/P RATIO
Trinidad 16.95 12.3 728.3 14.1
World 6,194.192543 60.3 1,332,000 41.6
Ja
nu
ary
1, 2
00
8.
So
urc
e: C
IA, B
P
GL
OB
AL
TRINIDAD ACTIVITIES
Exploration & Appraisal (‘08) – Block 5C (Canadian Superior),
22, 1A & 1B (PetroCanada), Block 3B (Anadarko), Starfish (BG Trinidad &
Tobago)
Bid Round (Q4’08) – Blocks 4B, 5D, NCMA 3,4, 5. TDAA
Average Production (December ‘08) – Oil (107,205 STB), Gas (3,675.95
MMSCF/D)
OIL vs GAS
OIL GAS
Oil Spot Market DCQ Contracts
Artificial Lift Compression/Recycling
Produced and Stored Produced on Local Demand
80 MMSTB Uneconomic 0.5 TSCF Uneconomic
Global price Region/Contracted Price
BS&W Calorific Value (Wobbe Index)
Oil Tankers/Bunkers Pipeline Transport
IOR Specified Abandonment Pressure
EXPLORATION
Discover Hydrocarbons
SELECT
CONCESSION
SELECT
LOCATION
FIND NEW
HYDROCARBONS
DRILL & TEST WELLS EFFICIENTLY & SAFELY
EVALUATE FORMATION & QUANTIFY AMOUNT OF HC NEAR WELL
GEOLOGY &
GEOPHYSICS
DRILLING &
OPERATIONS
ENGINEERING
PETROPHYSICS
Global Basin Analysis
Develop Play Concepts
Define Exploration Play Areas
Evaluate ProspectsIdentify Drillable Prospects
Drill Exploration WellsWell Planning
Rig Selection
Drilling Systems & Equipment Selection
Site Preparation Drilling Technique Casing Plan & Cementing
Troubleshooting Drilling Problems
Costing & ContractingDIRECT INDIRECT
Cores Wireline Logs
Sidewall Samples Logging While Drilling Logs
Mudlogs Seismic
Formation Pressure Samples
Fluid Samples
INFORMATION
Lithology
Porosity
Hydrocarbon Saturation
Net Reservoir Thickness
Permeability
APPRAISAL
Evaluate Discovery for Commercial Development
INTERPRET & EXTRAPOLATE WELL DATA TO DESCRIBE RESERVOIR
IDENTIFY DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS & PREDICT RECOVERY
G+G &
RESERVOIR
ENGINEERING
CHECK WHETHER VENTURE IS ECONOMICALLY JUSTIFIED
DESIGN WELL COMPLETIONS &/OR ARTIFICIAL LIFT SYSTEMS
ECONOMICS
RESERVOIR
ENGINEERING
PRODUCTION
TECHNOLOGY
Geological Logging Coring Fluid Well Test Production
Number of Wells, Types of Wells, Locations of Wells, Well Production Rates
DEVELOPMENT
Planning
SELECT MOST PROFITABLE DEVELOPMENT OPTION
DESIGN & CONSTRUCT FACILITIES
ENGINEERING
ECONOMICS
ENGINEERING
ESTIMATE FACILITIES COST
DEVELOPMENT
Execution
DRILL & COMPLETE WELLS SAFELY & EFFICIENTLYDRILLING &
OPERATIONS
ENGINEERING
G&G,
RESERVOIR &
DRILLING
ENGINEERING,
PETROPHYSICS
PLAN & EVALUATE WELLSUPDATE RESERVOIR MODEL
IF REQUIRED
PRODUCTION
Produce Hydrocarbons
OPERATE & MAINTAIN WELLS & SURFACE FACILITIES
RESERVOIR
ENGINEERING
PRODUCTION
TECHNOLOGY
PRODUCTION
OPERATIONS
MONITOR RESERVOIR
PERFORMANCE
IDENTIFY MEANS TO
IMPROVE RECOVERY
OPTIMISE PRODUCTION
PEFORMANCE
ADVISE ON CHEMICAL
ASPECTS OF PRODUCTION
DECOMMISSIONING
Planning, approval, implementing removal of oil/gas installations when no longer
needed for their current purpose
Wells abandoned - Isolation
- Containment of over-pressured zones
- Aquifer protection
- Removal of wellhead equipment
Pipelines - Circulated clean
- Filled with water/cement
- Cutup/reeled
Land Facilities - Hazardous compounds removed, scrapped
- Cellars, drilling pads, access roads & buildings removed
- Environmental restoration
Offshore Facilities - Substructures: Recycled/disposal onshore/deepwater
disposal/toppling on site/artificial reefs
- Topsides: Onshore recycling/refurbishment for re-use
PARAMETERS
CLASSIFICATION DATA ACQUISITION TIMING RESPONSIBILITY
Seismic Structure, stratigraphy, faults, bed thickness, fluids, interwellheterogeneity.
Exploration. Seismologists & Geophysicists.
Geological Depositional environment, diagenesis, lithology, structure, faults, & fractures.
Exploration, discovery & development.
Exploration & DevelopmentGeologists.
Logging Depth, lithology, thickness, porosity, fluid saturation, fluid contacts, & well-to-well correlations.
Drilling. Geologists, Petrophysicists, & Reservoir Engineers.
Routine Coring Depth, lithology, thickness, porosity, permeability & residual fluid saturation.
Drilling. Geologists, Drilling and Reservoir Engineers & Laboratory Analysts.
SCAL Relative permeability, capillarypressure, pore compressibility, grain size & pore size distribution.
Drilling. Geologists, Drilling and Reservoir Engineers & Laboratory Analysts.
Fluid Formation volume factors, compressibilities, viscocities, gas solubilities, chemical compositions, phase behavior & specific gravities.
Discovery, delineation, development & production.
Reservoir Engineers & Laboratory Analysts.
Well Test Reservoir pressure, effective permeability-thickness, stratification, reservoir continuity, presence of fractures/faults, productivity & injectivity indices & residual oil & gas saturation.
Discovery, delineation, development, production & injection.
Reservoir & Production Engineers.
Production/Injection Oil, water & gas production rates. Cumulative production, gas & water injection rates & cumulative injections. Injection & production profiles.
Production & Injection. Production & Reservoir Engineers.
COMPETENCY MATRIX
Set of tools used in determining minimum aptitude levels for Petroleum
Engineers
Structured to assess minimal competency levels required at various stages of
Engineer’s career
Used to establish future Industry Standards
Breadth - Basic knowledge common to all areas of Petroleum Engineering
needed by each Engineer to demonstrate minimum competency after
four to six years of practical experience
Depth - Knowledge needed by Petroleum Engineers to demonstrate
minimum competency within their primary area of practice after four to
six years of practical experience
Petroleum Engineering Sub-Disciplines - Drilling, Formation Evaluation,
Production, Reservoir
http://www.spe.org/spe-app/spe/career/cert_comp/competency.htm
COMPETENCY MATRIX
General Knowledge/Skill
Task Minimum Competence Breadth Minimum Competence DepthAbove Minimum
Competence
Understand & apply
geoscience
principles
Understand geoscience
principles (e.g. fracture gradients,
wellbore stability, pore pressure
prediction)
Understand and apply
geoscience principles within
sub-discipline
Apply geoscience principles
across sub-disciplines
Design a directional
well path
Understand relationship between
difficulty & lateral displacement
Select appropriate kickoff
points, build rates, angles &
bottom hole assemblies
Optimize directional
program & casing design to
avoid key seating. Evaluate
casing wear & develop
designs to mitigate problem
Determine formation
properties (porosity,
saturation, net pay)
from well logs
Determine properties from log
readings in clean sands
Determine properties from log
readings in both clean and shaly
sands. State most common
water saturation models
Be able to depth-shift and
normalize in complex
lithology, multiwell field
Nodal Analysis Awareness that the optimum
producing configuration is a
function of initial reservoir inflow
performance…
Able to design the appropriate
wellbore configuration given
initial and projected reservoir
inflow performance…
Able to design the
appropriate wellbore
configuration for surface
conditions such as subsea
or deep water operations or
high pressure…
Perform reservoir
characterization.
Understand how routine core
analysis is used to identify net
pay and fluid contacts.
Apply routine core analysis to
identify net pay and determine
contacts. Evaluate vertical
sweep efficiency from core…
Using core and RFT data,
integrate reservoir
performance
and well tests…
REFERENCES
Dung, T.Q. (Undated). Petroleum Engineering Disciplines – Introduction to the
Petroleum Industry. Faculty of Geology and Petroleum Engineering, Ho Chi
Minh City University of Technology.
Jahn, F., Cook, M. & Graham, M. (2008). Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production 2nd
Ed. TRACS International Consultancy Ltd., Aberdeen, U.K. Elsevier, U.K.
Guidelines for the Evaluation of Petroleum Reserves and Resources (2001).
SPE/WPC/AAPG. Society of Petroleum Engineers
Ministry of Energy and Energy Industries, Trinidad.
Geological Society of Trinidad and Tobago (GSTT). UTT, Pt. Lisas Campus.
The University of Trinidad and Tobago
SPE Student Chapter
The University of Trinidad and Tobago
SPE Student Chapter
The University of Trinidad and Tobago
SPE Student Chapter
The University of Trinidad and Tobago
SPE Student Chapter
The University of Trinidad and Tobago
SPE Student Chapter
The University of Trinidad and Tobago
SPE Student Chapter