Download - The Microbial W orld
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The Microbial World
Chapter 5http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=1TmHlcMDIOQ
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Microorganisms
• All three domains have microogranism representation
• What are those three domains?
• Without microorganisms there would be no life on earth.
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Domain: Bacteria
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Domain: Archaea
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Domain: Eukaryota
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Primary producers
• Microorganisms are the most important primary producers
• Directly or indirectly feed most marine animals
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Prokaryotes
• Small• Structurally simple• Oldest life forms on earth– Carry out nearly all the chemical processes more
complex organisms do• Some unique processes to prokaryotes
• Most chemical processes evolved first in prokaryotes
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Prokaryote Structure
• Cell wall• Lack a nucleus• Lack membrane bound organelles• Differ from Eukaryotes in – Shape of DNA – circular shape– Size of ribosomes
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Prokaryote
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Two Prokaryotic Domains • Bacteria • Archaea
• Even these two prokaryotic domains have important differences
• Bacteria and Archaea are as different from each other as they are from humans! Woah!
• • Discovery ed
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Bacteria
• Structurally simple• Classified as prokaryotes • Evolved a range of metabolic abilities• Abundant in all parts of the ocean• Shapes– Spheres, rods, sprials, rings-Ridged cell wall with slimy covering (attach to
surfaces)
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Size of bacteria
• Smaller than unicellular eukaryotes. • Exception- bacteria found in sediment off
southwest Africa- large enough to be seen with the naked eye
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Where do they live
• Can grow to extremely high numbers in favorable conditions– Detritus (particles of dead organic matter)
• Decay bacteria – break down waste products and dead organic matter– Releases nutrients into the environment
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Why are they important
• As we know bacteria are very abundant – Marine environment offers some new discoveries
• Make up large part of the organic material that feeds bottom-dwellers
• Important in dredging oil and other toxic pollutants
• Bad side- spoil fish and shellfish catches
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• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mYG5vmad1mk
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Cyanobacteria
• Blue-green algae• Photosynthetic– Pigments chlorophyll – Phycocyanin (Blue)– Phycoerythrin (Red)
• Visible color depends on the relative amounts of the two pigments
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Cyanobacteria
• Where among the first photosynthetic organisms on earth. – Accumulation of oxygen in our atmosphere
• Stromatolites- Massive calcareous mounds formed by cyanobacteria.– Date back to 3 million years – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzwvjOSS2Pc
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Cyanobacteria
• Endolithic- burrow into calcareous rocks and coral skeletons
• Red tides- caused by a planktonic form that blooms– Some can cause skin rashes on divers and
swimmers• Epiphytes- on algae and plants• Endophytes- live inside algae
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Bathroom Break
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Archaea
• Some times called archaebacteria• Simple• Primitive life• Important role in the early evolution of life
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Structure
• Small• Spherical, spiral, rod shaped• Despite being prokaryotic, there is evidence
that archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes than bacteria
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Where do they live?
• Some groups were discovered recently • Extreme environments– Hot sulfur springs, saline lakes, highly acidic or alkaline
environments– Extremophiles “lovers of extreme environments”
• Also found in extreme marine environments• They are not restricted to extreme environments– Common in the water column and other marine
environments– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D69hGvCsWgA
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Exit Ticket
• 1)Blue green algae are known as• a) Archaea b) Extremophiles c) Cyanobacteria d) Cilliates
• 2) Which of the following is not a domain a) Archaea b) Bacteria c) Eukaryota d) Fungi
• 3) Bacteria and Archaea are very closely related • a) True b) False
• 4) Stramenopiles are made up of• a)Cyanobacteria b) Diatoms c) Dinoflagellates d) Amebas
• 5) Bacteria are prokaryotes • a) True b) False