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8/28/2019
Middle Ages Europe
This will be one page
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Politics and Society European Culture
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500-1000 CE
Fall of Rome led to changes in government, economics, and culture of western Europe
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• The Roman Empire collapsed for a ton of reasons, mostly because of:
• Outbreaks of Disease• Maybe even lead poison from the waterpipes
• Weak Leaders• Invasion by group of people called
Germanic Tribes
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After Roman Empire collapsed, Europe was ruled by lots of small weak kingdoms Called decentralized monarchies
Most of these kingdoms were ruled by one of the Germanic Tribes
Tribes like the Goths, Huns, and Saxons took over Europe
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None of the kings were very powerful and they were always in competition with each other
The kingdoms fought each other often
They would fight over control of land, access of water/waterways, and to take resources away from one another
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Kingdoms were attacked/raided by Vikings and Germanic tribes often
Many kings struggled to protect their people
The Vikings TERRIFIED ALL OF WESTERN EUROPE
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Some Vikings even created new Kingdoms
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Most of these decentralized monarchies relied on political/economic system called feudalism
SERFS
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King relied on Nobles/Lords to: Enforce laws
Collect taxes
Provide military troops
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Serfs received:
Protection
Land to live on/farm
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Serfs were called COERECED LABORERS
Coerced labor=work forced to do for someone else for little to no pay
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Some peasants were free laborers
These peasants were free to grow and sell their own crops
This was a very small number of people
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Economy was almost entirely based on agriculture
Mostly producing crops like:
Wheat
Barely
Vegetables
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European Kingdoms were not strong enough to protect/participate much trade
Trade only happened at local level between towns
Robbers and thieves were common on trade routes
Not to mention the Germanic Tribes and Vikings
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Belief in Christianity was the only thing that European kingdoms had in common
Catholic Church became most powerful organization in Western Europe
Catholic means Universal or all inclusive
First used by a man named Saint Ignatius of Antioch
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Leader of Catholic Church is called the Pope
Pope was the most important/powerful person in Western Europe for about 1000 years
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Most of the Church’s power came from the promise of a way to heaven
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The Church was the only place the kept records of:
Births
Marriage
Death
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Germanic kings became Catholic to gain support of Pope and become more powerful
• Clovis I of the Franks converted to Catholic Christianity, it set him apart from other kings vying for power and put him in alliance with landholding elites of the former patrician classes
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The Catholic Church influenced/controlled:
Education
Science and Philosophical Study
HospitalsArt
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• Loss of a common language –Latin language had united the Roman
Empire
–Many of the new kingdoms created their own languages
–Germanic Languages mixed with Latin to create new languages• Different dialects developed• Led to the formation of the romance languages
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Islamic culture dominated the Iberian Peninsula(Spain and Portugal) from the 8th-15th Century
Called the Al-Andalus
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Islamic culture influenced European Architecture and Scientific Developments
LET’S LOOK AT SOME PICTURES AND SEE IF YOU CAN SEE THE ISLAMIC INFLUENCES…
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Judaism had been practiced in Europe as early as the 1st
Century CE
Judaism continued to be practiced in almost every major kingdom in Europe Largest area of Jewish Diaspora
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Most of the time Jews were a religious minority in the community that they lived in and kept their unique and influence culture
This often lead to mistreatment and conflict with Christian Majority communities