Download - THE MIDDLE ENGLISH PERIOD
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General characteristics
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1066 - the beginning of a new social and linguistic era
Middle English runs from the beginning of the 12th century until the middle if the 15th
the Chancery Standard the 1470s - the printing press introduced in
England by William Caxton
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THE SECOND DANISH INVASION ETHELRED CNUT The council of wise men chose Edward (the
Confessor)
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Spent half his life in exile in Normandy (northern France) (while Cnut and sons ruled England)
Placed Norman friends in high offices in England Had little interest in ruling the country Moved the capital from Winchester to London Died in 1066, leaving no children and no clear
choice of heir
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Harold the Battle of Hastings
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English and Scandinavian - related languages, diverged only a few hundred years before
a pidgin variety of speech William of Normandy’s accession French-speaking barons brought over their own
retinues French-speaking abbots and bishops
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condition of a multilingual society in which different languages occupy different social niches - different functions:
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French ‘High’ functions: ‘high’ culture: government, law, religion,
education, literature, science, the arts, ‘high society’
English ‘Low’ functions: ‘common folk’: home speech, folk/popular
songs, tales, everyday commerce
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1. Language effects of the Scandinavian invasion .
2. Language effects of the Norman Conquest.
3. Middle English dialects.
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South Western South Eastern Northern West Midland East Midland
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King John of England King Philip of France the Hundred Years War (1337-1453)
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