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The Midlatitude Cyclone
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Cyclone Developmentbegins with a stationary front
Before Birth
Forecasting where on theStationary front the developmentwill occur is the tricky part!
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Nascent stage ofCyclone Development
Birth andadolescence
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Mature stageof Cyclone Development
Adulthood
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Mature Wave Cyclone
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Typical Cold Front Structure• Cold air replaces warm; leading edge is steep in fast-moving
front shown below due to friction at the ground– Strong vertical motion and unstable air forms cumuliform clouds
– Upper level winds blow ice crystals downwind creating cirrus andcirrostratus. Note change in wind and temperature as front passes.
• Slower moving fronts have less steep boundaries and lessvertically developed clouds may form if warm air is stable
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Typical Warm Front Structure• In an advancing warm front, warm air rides up over colder air at the
surface; slope is not usually very steep
• Lifting of the warm air produces clouds and precipitation well inadvance of boundary
• At different points along the warm/cold air interface, the precipitationwill experience different temperature histories as it falls to the ground
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The Partially OccludedStage beginswhen the cold front starts to overrun the warm front
Middle age
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Partially occluded wave cyclone• Cold-occluded front
– Approach bringsweather sequencelike a warm front
– Frontal passagebrings weather morelike a cold front
• Warm-occludedfronts also possible
Cold-occluded front
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Relationship between occluded fronts and Midlatitude cyclone development
Mature wavecyclone
Partially occludedwave cyclone
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The Occluded Stageis characterized bymore warm air being pushed aloftand the size of thewarm air wedge at the surface decreases significantly
Over theHill
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Relationship between occluded fronts and aMidlatitude cyclone
Partially occludedwave cyclone
Occluded wavecyclone
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The final decay stageof the cyclone. The warmair is isolated aloft with cold air beneath.
Death
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The Wave Cyclone Model(Norwegian model)
• Stationary Front
• Nascent Stage
• Mature Stage
• Partially Occluded Stage
• Occluded Stage
• Dissipated Stage