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The Mongols
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The Mongols
Lived on the northern Asian steppeNomadicHighly skilled on horsebackTook pride in discipline, ruthlessness, and courage
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Nomads vs. Settled SocietiesNOMADS
Traveled together in groups called clans
Traded horses for goods
Sometimes raid communities for goods
Great Wall was built to keep them out
SETTLEDLived in villages and
towns
Protected by Chinese Dynasties
Engaged in peaceful trade
Lived in constant fear of raids
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Rise of the Mongols
United by Genghis Khan or “universal ruler”
Unified clans by defeating his rivals one by one
Conquered and controlled all of Central Asia
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Genghis-the man
1. Brilliant organizer
2. Gifted strategist
3. Adopted new technology
4. Used cruelty as a weapon
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The Mongol Empire
His sons divided his empire into sections called “Khanates”
Ruled the largest empire in the world
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The Khanates
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Effects of Pax Mongolia
Mongols imposed stability and law and order across Asia
Guaranteed safe passage along the silk road
Dramatically increased trade between Asia and Europe
This is when Gunpowder and Porcelain reached Europe
During this time period the Black Death spreads from China to Italy
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Kublai Khan Conquers ALL of China
Genghis Kahn’s grandsonFirst Mongol to ever rule ChinaBuilt a grand capital cityCould not conquer Japan
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Marco Polo (not the swimming pool game, the man!)
Most famous European to visit China during the Mongol ruleHe was a trader on the Silk RoadHe served on government missions for Kublai KahnHis stories were never verified, although is book was widely read, many did not believe it
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End of Mongol Rule
Mongol rule weakened after Kublai Kahn’s death
Rebellions broke out in many parts of China
Chinese rebel leaders established the Ming Dynasty