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The nature of Hunger - Food Crisis?
• FAMINE A SEVERE SHORT TERM SHORTAGE OF FOOD CAUSED BY A TEMPORARY FAILURE OF FOOD PRODCUTION OR FOOD DISTRIBUTION THAT LEADS TO STARVATION
• GREATER THAN 10% OF HUNGER DEATHS ARE CAUSED BY FAMINE
• CAUSES - NATURAL (DROUGHT - ETHIOPIA)- HUMAN (CIVIL WAR - DARFUR)
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The nature of Hunger - Food Crisis?
• STARVATION EXTREME HUNGER THAT OCCURES OVER ANEXTENDED PERIOD OF TIME
PEOPLE FAIL TO RECEIVE THE ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS FROM FOOD (MINERALS, PROTEIN, FATS, CARBOHYDRATES)
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The nature of Hunger - Food Crisis?MALNUTRITION – INSUFFICIENT FOOD CONSUMPTION TO SATISFY BODILY NEEDS OVER A PROLONGED PERIOD OF TIME.
UNDERNUTRITION – INADEQUATE NUTRITION RESULTING FROM LACK OF FOOD OR FAILURE OF THE BODY TO ABSORB OR ASSIMILATE NUTRIENTS.
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Malnutrition
- ~ 684,000 child deaths worldwide could be prevented by increasing access to vitamin A and zinc
- Lack of Vitamin A kills a million infants a year (sweet potatos, carrots, mangoes, spinach, milk, egg yolks, mozzarella
cheese) - Iron deficiency is the most prevalent form of
malnutrition worldwide, affecting an estimated 2 billion people.
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Malnutrition
- Eradicating iron deficiency can improve national productivity levels by as much as 20% (liver, lean red meats, including beef, pork, lamb ・ seafood, such as oysters, clams, tuna, salmon, and shrimp, etc. ・ beans, including kidney, lima, navy, black, soy beans, and lentils ・ iron fortified whole grains, including cereals, breads, rice, and pasta ・greens, including collard greens, kale, mustard greens, spinach, and turnip greens ・ tofu ・vegetables, including broccoli, swiss chard,)
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The nature of Hunger - Food Crisis?
• CHRONIC HUNGER - RESULTS FROM INSECURE SUPPLY OF FOOD
• AFFECTS 925 MILLION PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD• CHRONIC HUNGER IS A RESULT OF PEOPLE LACKING
THE OPPORTUNITY/ABILITY TO EARN ENOUGH $ TO GROW OR BUY FOOD
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Global hunger- 1.02 billion people do not have enough to eat
(> populations of USA, Canada and the EU)- The number of undernourished people in the
world increased by 75 million in 2007 and 40 million in 2008, largely due to higher food prices;
- 907 million people in developing countries alone are hungry;
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Global hunger- Asia and the Pacific region is home to over
half the world’s population and nearly two thirds of the world’s hungry people;
- 65 percent of the world's hungry live in only seven countries: India, China, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan and Ethiopia.
- More than 60 percent of chronically hungry people are women
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Stunting: Reflects shortness-for-age; an indicator of chronic malnutrition and calculated by comparing the height-for-age of a child with a reference population of well nourished and healthy children
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Wasting: Reflects a recent and severe process that has led to substantial weight loss, usually associated with starvation and/or disease
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Underweight: Measured by comparing the weight-for-age of a child with a reference population of well nourished and healthy children.
The nature of Hunger - Food Crisis?
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Global Hunger Index
• INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE (IFPRI) BASED IN THE UNITED STATES DEVELOPED THE GLOBAL HUNGER INDEX (GHI) TO SHOW THE SEVERITY OF HUNGER IN COUNTRIES IN NEAR CORE AND FAR PERIPHERY
• GHI
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Global Hunger Index
Three indicators are used to rank countries on a 100 point scale (0=Best, 100=Worst)
I) Proportion of people who are food-energy deficientii) Prevalence of underweight children under the age of 5
yrs oldiii) The mortality rate of children under 5 years old
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The geography of Hunger
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CHILD HUNGER- Every 6 seconds a child dies because of
hunger and related causes- 1 out of 4 children - roughly 146 million - in developing countries are
underweight;- More than 70% of the world's 146 million underweight children under
age 5 live in just 10 countries
Food and Aids- In the countries most heavily affected, HIV has reduced life expectancy
by more than 20 years, slowed economic growth, and deepened household poverty.
- WFP and UNAIDS project that it will cost on average US $0.70 cents per day to nutritionally support an AIDS patient and his/her family.
- Assistance for orphans and vulnerable children is estimated at US$0.31 per day.
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Major Famines/Food Shortages of the 20th Century
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Major Famines/Food Shortages of the 21th Century
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20th Century Famine Deaths
16,500,000 Former Soviet UnionThe Ukrainian Famine
1,900,000Bangladesh
Ethiopia7,000,000
Sudan150,000
36,000,000China
•North Korea
Palamu, India
Haiti
Mexico
Afghanistan
Somalia
Soviet Union’s forgotten famine
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Look at Haiti on Google Earth - Deforestation
World Bank tackles food emergency
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7344892.stm
Food Crisis: Facts and What We Can Do http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8GKVPnWXg-0
Indian community tackles food security issue
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EPIFrYAukrk
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Aid Spending- In a 1970 UN Resolution, most
industrialised nations committed themselves to tackling global poverty by spending 0.7 percent of their national incomes on international aid by 1975.
- Only Norway, Sweden, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Denmark regularly meet his target
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Aid Spending- The 22 member countries of the OECD
Development Assistance Committee, the world's major donors, provided USD 103.9 billion in aid in 2006 - down by 5.1% from 2005(Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2007)
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Aid Spending- The largest donors were the United
States (US$24 billion), Japan (US$18 billion), the United Kingdom (US$13 billion), Germany and France (US$12 billion each), the Netherlands (nearly US$6 billion), Spain and Italy (just over US$4 billion each) representing 80 percent of the total
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Percentage of Undernourished PeopleFor Selected Region, 1999-2001
Core countries 2%
China20%
Asia & the Pacific24%
Sub-Saharan Africa32%
Latin America & Caribbean
8%
Middle East & North Africa6%
Countries in Transition5%
India 3%
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Global Starvation Deaths (in millions per decade)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1910-19 1920-29 1930-39 1940-49 1950-59 1960-69 1970-79 1980-89 1990-99
Time Period
Million
s of
Death
s