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The need to building a diverse and
representative Engineering Profession
Dr Ossie Franks Pr Eng
CEO Engineering Council of South Africa
Gibb OfficesSunning hill,
Johannesburg
24 June 2011
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Engineering Millstones of the 20th Century
Electrification
Automobile
Airplane
Water supply & distribution
Electronics
Radio and television
Agricultural mechanization
Computers
Telephone (fixed & mobile)
Air conditioning/refrigeration
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Intercity highways
Space flight
Internet
Imaging
Household appliances
Health technologies
Petrochemical technologies
Laser and fiber optics
Nuclear technologies
High-performance materials
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Engineering’s Contribution
1) Benefits were largely universal
2) Depended on timely parallel accomplishments of science, mathematics, and medicine
3) Resulting devices were affordable by large numbers of people
4) Engineering qualifications/profession offers social mobility
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Engineering Grand Challenges
Make solar energy economical
Provide energy from fusion
Develop carbon sequestration methods
Manage the nitrogen cycle
Advance personalized learning
Provide access to clean water
Improve urban infrastructure
Engineer better medicines
Advance health informatics
Counter nuclear terror
Secure cyberspace
Enhance virtual reality
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Globalization of Engineering: Boeing 787 Dreamliner
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So then how does South Africa rank against its global competitors?
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Competitiveness Model
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Countries at each stage
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South Africa’s Global Competitiveness Ranking
Source: The Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011
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South Africa’s Global Competitiveness Index
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Problematic factors for doing business
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What then are the big challenges we face ?
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Our Challenges: Political
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Our Challenges: Political
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Our Challenges: Economic
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Our Challenges: Economic
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Our Challenges: Social
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Our Challenges: Health
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Our Challenges: Health & Skills
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Our Challenges: Education
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Our Critical Challenges
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Further challenges at local government level
• Lack of basic infrastructure
• Housing backlog
• Poor access to water and electricity
• Ageing cohort of engineering professionals
• Corruption
• Lack of engineering skills contributes to these challenges and lack of delivery to communities.
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WEF Global Competitiveness Report
Fifth Pillar: Higher Education and Training
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So how are we doing in the area of engineering skills to support the national economy?
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Report on SA’s Infrastructure
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“It’s not our wealth that created our infrastructure, but our infrastructure that created out wealth!”
John F Kennedy
Infrastucture’s contribution to socio – economic development
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Comparison of Citizens per registered Engineer
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China India Brazil UK USA Malaysia South Africa
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
130 157 227311 389
543
3166
Allyson Lawless: Numbers and Needs (2005)
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Actual Target2008 2014
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
7888
15000
3400
80008082
15000
5939
12000
Engineering Life and Physical SciencesAnimal and Human Health Teacher Education
Actual & Targeted graduate output
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An analysis of the 2001 national intake cohortof engineering students at SA HEIs.
Graduated within 5 years
Still registered after 5 years
4 year Bachelor’s (Eng)
54% 19%
National Diploma (Eng)
17% 14%
Scott, I., Yeld, N., & Hendry, J. (2007). A case for improving teaching and learning in South African higher education. Pretoria: Council on Higher Education (CHE) and Higher Education Quality Committee (HEQC), http://www.che.ac.za/documents/d000155/index.php.
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% of Eng. students who graduate within 5 yrs
Black African White
4 year Bachelor’s (Eng) 32% 64%
National Diploma (Eng) 16% 28%
Scott, I., Yeld, N., & Hendry, J. (2007). A case for improving teaching and learning in South African higher education. Pretoria: Council on Higher Education (CHE) and Higher Education Quality Committee (HEQC), http://www.che.ac.za/documents/d000155/index.php.
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Why regulate the Engineering profession?
• Engineering work...... is accompanied by risks to health, safety, environment, sustainability, consequently …
• Engineering work must therefore be carried out by
competent & accountable registered professionals.
• Engineering Professions Act, No. 46 of 2000
• ECSA is thus deemed a Statutory body.
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Vision Statement
ECSA’s vision is to ensure that South Africa enjoys all the
benefits of a strong competent, growing, sustainable and
representative engineering profession, able to provide all the
expertise necessary for the socio-economic needs of the
country and to exert a positive influence in South Africa.
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Mission Statement
Our mission is to create the circumstances in which society is
confident that the engineering profession in South Africa is able to
carry out the functions necessary for socio-economic growth.
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ECSA’s Core Functions
• Set Standards for Engineering Qualifications
• Accreditation of Engineering programmes
• Recognise and Evaluate Qualifications
• Register Engineering Professionals
• Renew Registration & Continuing Professional Development
• Define and Enforce a Code of Conduct for Registered Professionals
• Define guidelines fees for Professional Engineers Services
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Professional Development Model
AccreditedProgramme
Training And
Experience
Practice
Meet Standardfor Engineering
Education
Meet StandardFor Professional
Competency
Candidate Registration
Graduation
Professional Registration
Observe Code of Conduct and Maintain CPD
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Relationships in the Profession
ECSA
Functions:•Register•Accredit•Regulate Professional Conduct
•Set Standards•Act in the interests of the public
•Advise government
Engineering Voluntary
Associations
AeSSASAIAE SAIChESAICESAIEESAIIESAIMechESAIMMCESAIPETCOET + …..
Recognition
Nominate Council and Committee Members
Presidents Forum
Provider Peer Assessors, Accreditors, Investigators
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Engineering Practitioner Lifecycle
HigherEducation
School(MSE)
Engineering Practice
Retired- Active
Retired- Inactive
Registered Experienced Expert
ManagementCandidacy
Professional Formation Professional Practice
Basic Education
Stage 1:Complete EngineeringEducation
Stage 2:CompleteRegistrationRequirements
ExperiencedEligible forInternationalRegister*
Complete Basic Education with Math, Physical Science & English
Practitioners contributes after normal retirement
Manage enterprises that depend on engineering
Expert: showsLeadershipin field
ECSA Register of Engineering Professional: ~ 35 000
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Some Registration Statistics (as at 28 February 2011)
• Professional Engineers: 14827
• Professional Engineering Technologists 3704
• Professional Engineering Technicians 3532
• Professional Certificated Engineers 1047
• Specified Categories 970
• Candidate Engineers: 5789
• Candidate Engineering Technologists 2071
• Candidate Engineering Technicians 2971
• Candidate Certificated Engineers 215
Total 35126
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ECSA Registration Statistics
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2000 2005 2010
Female 736 (3.1%) 1 149 (4.2%) 2 950 (8.4%)
Male 24 556 25 978 32 184
TOTAL 25 352 27 127 35 134
Pr Eng Female 305 420 (~ 1.2%)
Note: In 2010 Females represented 9% of Canadian Pr Eng
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The need to retain Engineering Skills
• The Economy and service delivery is being constrained due to a shortage of engineering skills
• Vital that we retain qualified engineers within the profession
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Retaining and advancing females in the Engineering Profession
There is limited empirical research undertaken in South Africa
to identify barriers to women
remaining and advancing in the Engineering Profession.
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Reasons for women leaving the Engineering Profession
– Work place climate¹
– Culture not supportive of women¹
– Challenges of Work/Life balance
– Working Conditions
___________________________________
University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee (WWM)
Study of 3700 women with Engineering Degree
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What needs to be done to build a more diverse and inclusive Engineering Profession?
• Support women in Engineering initiative: SA Womeng
• Conduct research to better understand the challenges women face in building careers in Engineering
• Awards for support of women in the Engineering Profession
• Advisory group for women in engineering
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How has ECSA done business in the past?
• Emphasis fell on discharging mandatory functions:
– Accreditation of Programmes
– Evaluation of qualifications
– Registration
– Investigating complaints, conducting tribunals
– Requiring Continuing Professional Development
– Setting guideline fees
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So what is ECSA’s new approach?
• ECSA’s Strategic and Business Plans have two thrusts:
1. Continue to discharge mandatory functions– To improve processes and efficiency where this is necessary
High priority for the “Registration process”
2. To emphasize strategic functions empowered by S14 of EPA– Engage in those initiatives which have national relevance and
which are in the best interest of the engineering profession and broader society.
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Examples of initiatives of national relevance and in the interest of the engineering profession.
• Determine engineering skills requirements for the country and provide direction and solutions to the pipeline for engineering skills development;
• Determine barriers to registration of all categories of professionals and addressing these;
• Ensure the marketing of the profession to educate and attract learners to build the future engineering skills pipeline (Engenius, Career Advice, SAWomeng);
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Examples of initiatives of national relevance and in the interest of the engineering profession
(continued)
• Intervening to influence the numbers of engineering graduates to promote diversity and representivity ;
• Improved liaison and lobby with:• Government (DoHE&T, DoFA, DST, DPW, DPE, DM&E, DoH);
• university sector (staff & students);
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Examples of initiatives of national relevance and in the interest of the engineering profession (continued)
• Contributing to the nation planning debate
• Establish collaboration with industry & chambers of commerce to develop programmes aimed at
• Improved mentoring of graduates• Increasing volunteerism by black professionals• Addressing specific sector matters (non payment)
• Play a regional in promoting the profession (World Bank)
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Regional Influence
• Namibia: Engagement with Engineering Council of Namibia and Higher Education Institutions on accreditation of programmes
• Botswana: Workshop on accreditation of programmes
• Zimbabwe: – commitment to assist Engineering Council of Zimbabwe
develop its accreditation system and improve engineering education (MoU pending)
– Reconstruction of Zimbabwe Infrastructure Conference London
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Concluding Remarks
We reviewed
• Engineering developments of the 20th Century
• Effects of Globalization
• Key national challenges including Dinokeng
• South Africa’s competitiveness in the world
• Our national skills situation
• Reviewed ECSA’s role and its contribution to improved competitiveness
African Proverb
“ If you want to walk fast, walk alone.
If you want to walk far walk together.”
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Dankie - Enkosi - Ha khensa - Re a leboga - Ro livhuwa - Siyabonga - Siyathokoza - Thank you
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