Download - The Nervous System
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The Nervous System
Don’t get nervous about the nervous system
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Functions of the Nervous System
• 1. Communication and coordination– Adapt and respond to changes from both inside and
outside the body
• 2. Site of reasoning- your brain
• 3. Two main divisions – Central nervous system (CNS): brain and spinal
cord– Peripheral nervous system- the nerves
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• Neuron- basic structural unit of the nervous system
• Dendrites- carry impulses towards the cell
• Axon-carry impulses away from the cell
• Myelin sheath• Synaptic terminal
– Epinephrine– Norepinephrine– Acetylcholine
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• Nerves are made of many nerve cells
• Afferent-sensory nerves carry message to brain
• Efferent-motor neurons carry message from brain to muscle
• Associate- do both
• Heads up
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Central nervous system
• Brain and spinal cord
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• Cerebrum-largest part of brain. Responsible for reasoning, thought, memory, speech, sensation, etc.
• Divided into two halves.
• Further divided into lobes; occipital, parietal, temporal and frontal
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• Cerebellum-responsible for muscle coordination
• Brain stem- most basic functions; respiration, swallowing, blood pressure. Lower part (medulla oblongata) is continuous with spinal cord
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• Spinal cord- begins at foramen magnum and ends at second lumbar vertebrae
• Contains both afferent (to the brain) and efferent (motor neurons- away from the brain)
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• Both the brain and spinal cord are covered by a membrane system called the meninges
• In addition, the brain has four hollow areas called ventricles. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in the ventricles and baths the brain and spinal column
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Peripheral nervous system
• Somatic system– 12 pairs cranial nerves– 31 pairs spinal nerves
• Autonomic– Sympathetic
• Fight or flight
– Parasympathetic
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Disorders of the nervous system• Meningitis- inflammation of the linings of
the brain and spinal cord
• Encephalitis- inflammation of the brain
• Epilepsy-seizure disorder. Excessive discharge from neurons. 1 in 200 suffer. Grand mal or petit mal seizures
• Cerebral palsy- disturbance in voluntary muscular action
• Parkinson’s –decreased neurotransmitter
• MS multiple sclerosis- autoimmune