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Presented by :
Dick Guiller Guiritan
Delfin
The New MiddleClasses and Religion
in Southeast Asia
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THAI BUDDHISM1 On Sunday morning, people visit theThammakai Temple
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THAI BUDDHISM1 On Sunday morning, people visit theThammakai TempleIt draw a congregation of 50,000participants each year.Their leaders see themselves asBuddhist ReformMovement to improve the lives of theirfollowers.Thammakai provides its followers with aquick
Meditation course to discover and developDharmicspiritual body within oneself.
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IGLESIA NI KRISTO
2 They demand discipline to theirmembersBuilds up the donation from itsmembers.They are expected to be present at servicestwice a weekThey now probably counts from 5 to 7 percentfollowersin urban population , at least on the island ofLuzonTheir typical members are literate, mainly
from urban,and from lower middle class. Generallyspeaking, it is achurch of the common man.
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On Filipino Catholicism
However, the Catholic Church remains to address a slightly highersituated public ofprofessionals, office workers, and urban politicians.Among these members areaffiliated to:
OPUSDEI
Is an organization of the Catholic Church that
teaches thateveryone is called to holiness and that ordinarylife is a pathto sanctity The majority of its membership arelay people,with secular priests under the governance of
a prelate(bishop) appointed by the pope.
KNIGHTS OFCOLUMBUS
An urban confraternity that unites manynotables in town.Often referred as the bishops bank because itis the mainfunding channel of episcopal projects.
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Continuation on Filipino Catholicism
The vast majority who come to Mass are seen as notcommitted members ofthe Church.
For some, the Catholic church is a powerhouse; their devotions,novenas, prayers,Processions are means of securing immediate and future benefits.Some put their majortrusts on:
Some turn to thriving charismaticmovements:
EL
SHADDAI
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JAVANESE ISLAMBEFORE:- Islamic parties and groups are politically
distrusted- Faith fulfillment of Muslim tenets was
unfavorably
commented- Islam was associated with backwardnessand
centered in remote rural pesantren (Islamicboarding
schools)
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Continuation on Javanese Muslim
NOW:- Islam enjoys the favor of the powerful and the performance ofMuslim duties- Schooling is no more a privilege to the priyayi (children of civil
servants,professionals, and administrators). Its expansion has given
rise to thegeneration of modern Muslim intellectuals.
- In New Order Indonesia, Islam is now actively propagated andsupported. Even
Suharto has openly embraced and endorsed the faith.
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CONNECTION BETWEEN
POLITICS ANDRELIGION
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INBANGKOK
Ascetic BuddhistChamlong Srimuang
Ride a wave of moralindignation to the
BangkokMetropolitangovernorshipand nationalprominenceIN
MANILACalled on thepeople tocome to EDSA totopplethe Marcos
dictatorship.
Cardinal
SInININDONESIA
President
Muslims have all beenpraying that Allah maygrantSuharto a sixth term in
thePresidential office
POLITICS
ANDRELI
GION
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MUSLIM:Mass-based Nahdatul
Ulamaassociation underAbdurrachman Wahidavoided the org. to bedominated by the
govt.
RELIGIOUSLEADERSDISSOCI
ATINGFROM
THE
CHRISTIANISM:IGLESIA NI KRISTOis adept in politicalbargaining butstaying out inelectoralcompetition
BUDDHIST:Chamlong PhalangTham embodies theideals of the urbanmiddle class for an
honest government
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The support that aspiring middle-class politicians fromreligious movements
remained nothing or extremely limited at the very least.
Santi Asoke Members and followers of Buddhasa Bhikkhupursue more to religious practices than taking affairs ofthe realm of politics.
There was a vote en bloc from Iglesia ni Cristo for theChurch preferredcandidates.On the other hand, devout Catholics influenced bycardinals preferencesFollowers of Muhammadiyah;s Javanese has the history ofnot committedFor voting the Moslem Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP)party.They are often apolitical
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At present, religious way of life is generally seen as a
personal affair.
Sociologists pointed out that while respecting andtolerating the religiouspractices and commandments of others, society will be in
good order.
So, bynowSoutheast Asia gives rise to a number of mobile people who arelooking for means
To create and shape an identity. This is now the rapid growth ofthe middle class.
GROWTH OF
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GROWTH OFMIDDLE CLASSReligious seriousness may be attractive to some, othersindulge in materialismSometimes they may even choose a religiously-tingedlifestyle if that isfashionable, and often it is.
For others, religion appears to be more ornamental
combined todistinguishable lifestyle.
GROWTH OF
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GROWTH OFMIDDLE CLASS
ISLAMIC
LIFESTYLE
Have their fashionable
blouses
Jilbab sometimesbecome afashion statement ofsorts -Lifestyle and fashion magazine have
discovered aNew market in Islamic dress design.
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GROWTH OF MIDDLECLASS
Religion providesentertainmentand attracts happy crowd
Processions enjoyed greatpopularity
IN THEPHILIPPINES
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IN BRIEF,
While many take theirreligious
duties seriously andconsciouslystrive to live out their faithin aworld of money,materialism,and anonymous urbanmodernity,others merely follow
the fashion of ceremoniesand
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THANK YOU!