Download - The Odyssey
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An epic poem by Homer
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The Odyssey Epic poem composed by the Greek poet Homer between 900-700 B.C. (B.C.E.)Main hero is Odysseus (Latin name Ulysses)Adventure story about Odysseus’s voyage home after the Trojan War Sequel to The Iliad, an epic poem also by Homer
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Who was Homer?No one knowsSupposedly a blind, illiterate storytellerRhapsode: a person who recited the epic poems of ancient Greece from memory
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What is an epic poem? A long narrative poem that
tells the bold deeds of a great hero, which tells the story of a people at the same time.
Often contains supernatural events, long time periods, distant journeys, and struggles between good and evil.
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Characteristics of an epic poem:Begins with an “Invocation to a Muse”The Muses were 9 goddesses in charge of literature & artDaughters of Zeus who inspired poets, musicians, & artists
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Epic poems contain . . .
Epic similesa.k.a. Homeric similesElaborate comparisons of unlike subjects
Example from The Odyssey:
“Think of a catch that fishermen haul in to a half-moon bay
In a fine-meshed net from the whitecaps of the sea:
How all are poured out on the sand, in throes for the salt sea,
Twitching their cold lives away in Helios’ fiery air:
So lay the suitors heaped on one another”
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Epic poems contain . . .Epithets
Adjectives or descriptive phrases expressing a characteristic of a person or thing
Examples from The Odyssey:“gray-eyed Athena” for Athena, goddess of wisdom“Laertes’ son” for Odysseus“The Wanderer” for Odysseus“Penelope’s true son” for Telemachus (Telemakhos)
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What is an epic hero?A main character w/ supernatural abilities or qualities (god-like)Possesses traits that embody the ideals of his people (strength, wisdom, courage)Undertakes a dangerous voyage or quest, during which he encounters many supernatural beingsOften visits a supernatural world where regular mortals cannot go
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OdysseusKing of Ithaca (Ithaka)Trojan War veteranMember of Achaean (Akhaian) (Greek) armyDevoted husband to PenelopeFather to TelemakhosFamous for his cleverness & cunningWins the war against Troy with the Trojan Horse Strategy.
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Characters in The Odyssey
Deities(gods & goddesses)
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ZeusRuler of the godsGod of thunder, rain, & lightningHusband of Hera (his sister)Fathered many immortals & mortals
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AthenaVirgin goddess of wisdom & warfare
Supported the Akhaeans in the Trojan War
Patron of Odysseus
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PoseidonGod of the sea, earthquakes, & horsesBrother of ZeusHates Odysseus for blinding his son, the Cyclops (Kyklops) Polyphemus
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HermesMessenger to the godsSon of Zeus and MaiaGod of fertility & guide for souls to the Underworld
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Supernatural beings encountered by Odysseus
PolyphemusCirce (Kirke)
Scylla (Skylla) the Sirens Calypso (Kalypso)
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Odysseus’ familyWife Penelope, who has been waiting 20 years for Odysseus to returnSon Telemakhos, who was a baby when Odysseus left
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The Odyssey Vocabulary Week 1baleful—menacing; threatening harm—adj.beguiling—enchanting; bewitching—adj. or past participlerapine—the violent seizure of someone’s property—n.sage—wise—adj.carouse—to party, usually through drinking—v.
parley—a conference or conversation between opposing groups—n.abject—extremely bad or degrading—adj.insolent—boldly rude or disrespectful—adj.libation—a drink poured as offering to a deity (god or goddess) – n.stratagem—a clever plan or scheme—n.