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Ohio Urban Site Index&
Master Planting Design
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Ohio Division of Forestry Urban Forestry Assistance ProgramSteph Miller
Alan Siewert
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Ohio 2000’s• Aging Tree Commissions
• Knowledge• Experience
• Retirements• Emerald Ash Borer• The Great Recession
Photo: Dr. Dan Herms, Ohio State University
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Problem Solving Criteria• Simple
• Non-foresters• Cheap• Fast• Easy to understand• Systematic• Large scale
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What Do We Really NeedFor Large Scale Sites?
• Identify Site Constraints• Treelawn Width• Overhead Utility• Soil• Salt/Traffic Pattern• Traffic Use/Parking/Curbing
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Urban Site IndexUSI
• Site Quality• Compaction• Structure• Soil Health
• Salt/Traffic Pattern
Quantitative/MeasurableUse Field Data & Score Sheets
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Urban Site Index
• A rapid assessment process to quantify the severity/quality of street planting sites
• Based on easily obtained field observations
• Results in a numeric assessment: 0-20
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Urban Site Index8 Observations
4 Soil Observations • Scored 0-3
4 Street observations • Scored 0-2
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4 Soil Observations
• Vegetation• Surface compaction • Probe penetration• Soil development
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Vegetation
0 Bare dirt, gravel or some sort of pavement1 Sparse weeds with some dirt showing 2 Patchy grass and weeds3 Lush grass some weed ok
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Surface Compaction
0 No soil, pavement1 Hard, like walking on office carpeting 2 Some give, like walking on padded carpet3 Cushioned give, like walking on deep pile
padding
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Probe/Shovel Penetration
0 No soil, pavement1 Goes in, but not
completely 2 Goes in, but requires lots
of effort3 Goes in fully with ease
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Soil Development
0 No soil, pavement1 No top soil, un-layered sub soil, or clear
separation between top & subsoil 2 Layering in soil from old native soil3 Good, deep topsoil with only the A horizon in
the probe
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4 Street Observations
• Speed• Lanes • Parking• Length between
traffic control devices
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Speed
0 50 mph or greater1 35-45 mph 2 Less than 30
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Lanes
0 6 or more1 3-5 lanes2 2 lanes
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Parking
1 No street parking2 On street parking
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Length Between Stop Signs/Lights
0 More than ½ mile1 ½ to ¼ mile2 Less than ¼ mile
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Think Large Scale
Colt St S Brown Ln 2 2 2 12 1 2 2 14
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Score Range0-20
Ratings•No Tree 0-8•Poor 9-11• Intermediate 12-15•Good 16-20
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Site Evaluation Needs• Identify Site Constraints
• Treelawn Width• Overhead Utility• Soil• Salt/Traffic Pattern• Traffic Use/Parking/Curbing
Large Scale Sites
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Size Classes• Large Site
• 8+ feet wide• No overhead primary electric
• Medium Site• 6-8 feet wide
• Small Site• 4-6 feet wide
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Parking/Curbing• Primary Site
• Curb & Sidewalk• Space clearly defined
• Secondary• Only curb or sidewalk• Lose space definition
• Tertiary• No curb• No sidewalk• No space definition
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Think Large Scale
Colt St S Brown Ln Saints Way 2 2 2 12 1 2 2 14 L 1
• End Block may be 7-11 Trees• End Block may be change in USI, Size Class, or Priority
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Site Evaluation CategoriesUtilizing Score Sheet
Good Quality Site
16-20
Intermediate Quality
Site12-15
Poor Quality Site
9-11
No Tree
0-8Large Tree Large Tree Large TreeMedium Tree Medium Tree Medium TreeSmall Tree Small Tree Small Tree
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Planned Planting
Master Planting Design
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Master Planting Design• Roadmap for the future• Plan for the entire community… …
regardless of what’s there now
How Might We Do This?
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Supply List• Community Street Map
• Labeled with street names• Labeled N/S/E/W if applicable• Block numbers• Scale
• USI Data Collection Sheet• Colored Markers• Pencil• Soil Probe/Shovel
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Site Evaluation CategoriesKey
Good Quality Site
16-20
Intermediate Quality
Site12-15
Poor Quality Site
9-11
No Tree
0-8Large Tree Large Tree Large TreeMedium Tree Medium Tree Medium TreeSmall Tree Small Tree Small Tree
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Good Quality
Site16-20
Intermediate Quality
Site12-15
Poor Quality
Site9-11
No Tree0-8
Large Tree Large Tree Large Tree
Medium Tree Medium Tree Medium Tree
Small Tree Small Tree Small Tree
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MPD Tree List
Good Site: Large Species• Wide Treelawns• Low/No Road Salt• Good Soils
Tree SelectionLarge SpeciesMatch Complimentary Small/Medium Species
only @ overhead utility Push the Envelope to increase diversity
May plant trees that aren’t usually on street tree lists
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Community Tree ListGood Quality/Large Site
Large Tree Medium Tree Small TreeTulip poplar,
Liriodendron tulipifera Magnoliaceae
Umbrella magnolia, Magnolia tripetala Magnoliaceae
Saucer magnoliaMagnolia x soulangiana
Magnoliaceae
Sugar or Black Maple, Acer saccharum or nigrum Aceraceae
Striped maple,Acer pennsylvanicum
Aceraceae
Pagoda or Flowering dogwood,
Cornus alternifolia or florida Cornaceae
Red Maple,Acer rubrum Aceraceae
Sycamore maple,Acer pseudoplatanus
Aceraceae
Fringetree,Chionanthus virginicus
Oleaceae
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Assign Species to Segment2 Segments between Family4 Segments between Genus
6 Segments between Species
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KingdomPhylum
ClassOrder
Family Genus SpeciesAcer rubrum Aceraceae
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2 SegmentsSame FamilyUlmaceae (Elm)
Celtis/Ulmus/Zelkova
4 SegmentsSame GenusUlmus
americana & parvifolia
6 SegmentsSame Species
Ulmus parvifolia
1 2 3
4 5
6
4Hack-berryElm
A E
lm
L
L E
lm
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Assign Species2 Segments between Family4 Segments between Genus
6 Segments between Species• Breaks up similar trees• Means to test diversity• Only use cultivar if it has a bearing on
site constraint• i.e. an upright cultivar near a car dealership
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Benefits ofMaster Planting Design
• Long-Range Planning• Guess Work out of
Annual Planning• Buy-in from Residents• Planning with Nurseries• Insect/Disease/Weather
Monitoring• USI Truthing
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Thank You!Steph Miller Alan Siewert