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The Ottoman and Safavid Empires
1520- 1722
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Timeline
• Umayyad Dynasty – until 750 AD• Abbasid Dynasty – until 1258 AD• Ottoman Empire (from Turkey) – 1300’s-1700’s• Safavid Empire (from Persia) – early 1500’s 1700’s
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Suleiman the Magnificentaka The Lawgiver
1520-1566
• Modernized army– Expanded Ottoman empire
• Hungary, Mecca, N. Africa
• Improved system of Justice– Based on Sharia = law code– Backed by strong military
• Cultural Advances– Produced literature in
Turkish– Architecture
• Sinan and the Selimiye Mosque
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Organization of Ottoman Society• Sultan/Royalty• Men of the Sword
– Soldiers and Janissaries'• Men of the Pen
– Scientists, lawyers, judges, poets
• Men of Negotiations– Merchants, tax collectors,
• Men of Husbandry– Herders
• Millets– Christian community– Jewish community
Were organized and had their own leaders who reported to the Ottoman Empire. Christians in the Balkan’s had to pay a tax with their male children.
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Non-Muslims in the Ottoman Empire
• “tax” on Christians in the Balkans– Janizaries– Christian children of the
Balkan's who were taken from their parents
– Raised by the sultan as soldiers, to be elite fighting force. Raised as Muslims to be loyal to the Sultan
– Given the best, colored uniforms, intimidating
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Fall of the Ottomans
• Death of Suleiman• Corruption of
government• Fell behind the times• European powers took
Ottoman lands
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Safavid Empire (Shiite)early 1500s-1722
• Shah Abbas the Great• Strengthened Military
– Defense from surrounding empires
– Modeled after Janizaries• Encouraged economic
growth– Reduced taxes for farmers– Encouraged industrial
growth– Tolerated People of the Book
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Fall of the Safavid Empire
• Death of Shah Abbas• Shiite scholars
challenged authority of the Shah
• Persecution of religious minorities– Rebellion by Sunni’s