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The Partitions and Divisions of Poland:
AP European HistoryAndrostic
2012-2013(Palmer text, section 38)
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The First Partition1772
Weak Polish government (elected king, “Free veto”)
Neighboring nations interfered (Stanislas Poniatowski
– puppet to Catherine the Great?)
To prevent war with Russia, proposal to partition
Poland by Prussia
parts of Poland partitioned to preserve order
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The First Partition1772
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The First Partition1772
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The First Partition1772
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The Second Partition1793
Constitution of May 3, 1791 – brought more reform
After adoption of Polish Constitution, Russian army invaded Poland (1792).
Prussia then also invaded (1793).
Second partition:Without Austrian participation
Only central section of Poland left independent
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The First Partition1772
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The Second Partition1793
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The Second Partition1793
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The Second Partition1793
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The Third Partition1795
After the Second Partition, Poland’s size was so reduced that the economy was ruined.Support for a national uprising grew significantly (1793)
Thaddeus Kosciusko led Polish forces but eventually was wounded and captured (1794).Counterrevolution crushed uprisingAll of Poland was divided among Russia, Prussia, and Austria
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The Second Partition1793
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The Third Partition1795
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The Third Partition1795
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The Third Partition1795
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What does partitioning represent?“Triumph of enlightened rulers?”End of potential for war between Eastern powersBalance of power used poorlyUse of diplomatic calculation to partition kingdomDanger of not being a strong, centralized stateDisruption of balance of EuropeDisturbance of social order in Europe, and greater divide between East and West