Download - The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings
![Page 1: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Periodic Table
Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings.
![Page 2: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry …
…was a mess!!!
No organization of elements.
Imagine going to a grocery store with no organization!!
Difficult to find information.
Chemistry didn’t make sense.
![Page 3: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Dmitri Mendeleev: Created The Periodic Table
HOW HIS WORKED… Elements arranged in
rows (periods) by increasing atomic mass.
Elements arranged in columns (families) by the way they reacted.
SOME PROBLEMS… Left blank spaces for
what he said were undiscovered elements. (Turned out he was right!)
Pattern of increasing atomic mass was broken to keep similar reacting elements together.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg
![Page 4: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Periodic Law
Ben’s Chem Videos• http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=oFnRvSYMioA • http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=eJp6xkd4SAI&list=PLJ9LZQTiBOFFDw-QjstExbB0P5E9v_Zuh&index=9
![Page 6: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Current Periodic Table
In 1913, Henry G.J. Moseley, an English scientist, arranged the elements based on increasing atomic number.
http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ma-Na/Moseley-Henry.html
![Page 7: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Groups
Vertical columns are called groups or families Groups are numbered 1 to 18.
![Page 8: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Groups…Here’s Where the Periodic Table Gets Useful!!
Elements in the same group have similar chemical and physical properties!!
Example: Elements in Group 1 are highly reactive and can be explosive in water. http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=41344
They have the same number of valence electrons.
http://www.tutorvista.com/content/science/science-i/structure-atom/valence-shell-electron.php
Why?
![Page 9: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Valence Electrons
• Electrons farthest away from the nucleus are most loosely held.
• Ranges from 1 to 8 valence electrons
• Many properties of the atom, and therefore of an element, are determined by the number of valence electrons.
http://www.tutorvista.com/content/science/science-i/structure-atom/valence-shell-electron.php
![Page 10: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Periods
• Horizontal rows numbered 1 to 7.
• Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells or energy levels.
![Page 11: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Properties of Elements on the Periodic Table An element’s physical and chemical properties
can be predicted from its location in the periodic table Example: Sodium is more reactive than Aluminum
Reactivity in metals decreases as you go from left to right.
For nonmetals, the opposite is true. Nonmetals in Groups 14 through 17 become more reactive from left to right. Group 18, the Noble Gases, are an exception.
![Page 12: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Metals:Metals:
•Left/Middle of Periodic Table•Shiny, metallic• Conduct heat and electricity• Malleable and ductile (reshape)•Give up valence electron in a reaction
Copper
Nickel
Aluminum
Gold
Silver
Mercury
![Page 13: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Metalloids:Metalloids:
• Zigzag on Periodic Table where metals and nonmetals meet
• Mostly shiny, metallic looking• Only semi-conductive• Often combined with non-metals
![Page 14: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Non-Metals:Non-Metals:
•Right side of Periodic Table•Dull, not shiny, many are GAS• Do not conduct heat or electricity• Crumble or break if solid
(non-malleable/ductile)
Neon
Helium
Iodine Chlorine Carbon Sulfur
•Gain or share electrons in a chemical reaction
![Page 15: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Metals: Green (Include 113-116)
• Metalloids: Purple (Include 117)
• Nonmetals: Orange (Include 118)
![Page 16: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Hydrogen Belongs to a family of its own.
Diatomic, reactive gas.
Was involved in the explosion of the Hindenburg aircraft.
Promising as an alternative fuel source for automobiles
![Page 18: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Alkali Metals
1st column on the periodic table (Group 1) not including hydrogen.
Very reactive metals
Always combined with something else in nature (like in salt).
Soft enough to cut with a butter knife
1 valence electron
![Page 19: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Alkaline Earth Metals Second column on the periodic
table. (Group 2)
Reactive metals
Always combined with nonmetals in nature.
Several are important mineral nutrients (Mg and Ca)
2 valence electrons
![Page 20: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Transition Metals
Elements in groups 3-12
Less reactive harder metals
Includes metals used in jewelry and construction.
![Page 21: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Boron Family
Elements in group 13
Aluminum metal was once rare and expensive, not a “disposable metal.”
![Page 22: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Carbon Family Elements in group 14
Contains elements important to life and computers.
Carbon is the basis for an entire branch of chemistry.
Silicon and Germanium are important semiconductors.
![Page 23: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Nitrogen Family Elements in group 15
Nitrogen makes up over ¾ of Earth’s atmosphere.
Nitrogen and phosphorus are both important in living things.
Most of the world’s nitrogen is not available to living things.
The red stuff on the tip of matches is phosphorus.
![Page 24: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Oxygen Family Elements in group 16
Oxygen is necessary for respiration.
Many things that stink, contain sulfur (rotten eggs, garlic, skunks,etc.)
![Page 25: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Halogens Elements in group 17,
also called Halides
Very reactive, volatile, diatomic, nonmetals
Always found combined with other element in nature
Used as disinfectants and to strengthen teeth
![Page 26: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The Noble Gases
Elements in group 18
VERY unreactive (STABLE), monatomic gases
Used in lighted “neon” signs
Used in blimps to fix the Hindenburg problem.
Have a full valence shell.
![Page 27: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
One of two rows that “sits off” to the bottom of the periodic table
Reactive
Fairly soft metals
Lanthanide Series
![Page 28: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Also towards bottom of periodic table
All are radioactive, some are not found in nature
Some with higher atomic numbers have only been made in labs
Actinide Series
![Page 29: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Electron Configuration
http://www.chemprofessor.com/periodicqm.htm
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jtYzEzykFdg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2AFPfg0Como
Click on the video links for explanations of electron configuration.
![Page 30: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Pre-APPeriodic Trends
• Atomic Radius – related to the atom’s volume.
− Period – atomic radius decreases as you go from left to right
− Group – atomic radius increases as you go down a group
![Page 31: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Pre-APPeriodic Trends
• Electronegativity – the atoms “desire” to grab another atom’s electrons.
− Period – electronegativity increases as you go from left to right
− Group – electronegativity decreases as you go down a group
![Page 32: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Pre-APPeriodic Trends
• Ionization Energy – amount of energy needed to remove the outermost electron. Closely related to electronegativity.
− Period – Ionization energy increases as you go from left to right
− Group – Ionization energy decreases as you go down a group
![Page 33: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Pre-APPeriodic Trends
• Reactivity – how likely or how vigorously an atom is to react with another substance.• Non-Metals
− Period - reactivity increases as you go from left to right, except for Group 18
− Group – reactivity decreases as you go down the group
• Metals − Period – reactivity decreases as you go from left to
right− Group – reactivity increases as you go down a group
![Page 34: The Periodic Table Good afternoon! Please get your notebook and be in your seat when the bell rings](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032801/56649de45503460f94adc2e8/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Pre-APPeriodic Trends
• Melting Point• Metals – the melting point for metals
decreases as you go down a group• Non-Metals – the melting point for
non-metals increases as you go down a group