Medical University of Graz, Austria
BEWEGUNG und
GESUNDHEIT
(Health Aging Seminar)
Wolfram Müller
Institut für Biophysik
Graz, 29.Oktober 2015
Medical University of Graz, Austria Children's Games (Kinderspiele), 1560 (oil on panel), Bruegel, Pieter the Elder
(c.1525–69) Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria / The Bridgeman Art Library
EINE NEUE BERWEGUNGKULTUR IST ERFORDERLICH
Toni Hertl, 67, Graz
Isometrische
Beanspruchung
Johanna Quaas, 81
Medical University of Graz, Austria
Prevention and management of non-communicable disease: the IOC consensus statement, Lausanne 2013.
Gordon O Matheson, Martin Klügl, Lars Engebretsen, Fredrik Bendiksen, Steven N Blair, Mats Börjesson, Richard Budgett, Wayne Derman, Uğur Erdener, John P A Ioannidis, Karim M Khan, Rodrigo Martinez, Willem Van Mechelen, Margo Mountjoy, Robert E Sallis, Martin Schwellnus, Rebecca Shultz, Torbjørn Soligard, Kathrin Steffen, Carl Johan Sundberg, Richard Weiler, Arne Ljungqvist. Br J Sports Med 2013;47:1003-1011 doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-093034
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) Cardiovascular disease Diabetes Cancer Chronic respiratory disease Hypertension Dyslipidemia Obesity Metabolic syndrome Arthritis Osteopenia/osteoporosis Degenerative disc disease Depression Sarcopenia and frailty Cognitive impairment Cerebrovascular disease Neurodegenerative disease Rheumatoid arthritis
Nicht ansteckende Krankheiten Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankung Zuckerkrankheit Krebs Chronische Atemwegserkrankung Bluthochdruck Fettstoffwechselstörung Fettleibigkeit Metabolisches Syndrom Gelenkentzündung Knochenschwund Degenerative Bandscheibenerkrankungen Depression Sarcopenie („wenig Muskel“) und Gebrechlichkeit Kognitive Beeinträchtigung Zerebrovaskuläre Krankheit Neurodegenerative Erkrankung Gelenkrheumatismus
63% of the worlds population dye of NCDs
Phys. Inactivity causes 9% of premature mortality (5.3 Mio of 57 Mio, p.a.) The Lancet 2012
Wolfram Müller, Graz, Austria
Wolfram Müller, Medical University of Graz, Austria
Pedersen BK, Saltin B, Scand J Med Sci Sports 2006:
Evidence for prescribing exercise as a therapy
Metabolic Syndrom diseases: insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes,
hypertension, obesity
Heart and pulmonary diseases: chronic obstructive pulmonary d.,
choronary heart d., chronic heart failure,
intermittent claudication
Muscle, joint, and bone diseases: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis,
osteoporosis, fibromyalgia, chronic
fatique syndrome
Cancer
Depression
Asthma
Type-1 diabetes
„Vor allem ist es die Freude,
die durch wehleidige Unlustvermeidung
unerreichbar geworden ist."
Konrad Lorenz:
Die acht Todsünden der zivilisierten Menschheit
Wolfram Müller, Graz, Austria
Dinge bewegen ist alles, was der Mensch zu tun vermag;
dies bewirkt einzig und allein die Muskulatur,
ob beim Flüstern einer Silbe
oder beim Roden eines Waldes.
To move things is all that mankind can do;
for such the sole executant is muscle,
whether in whispering a syllable
or in felling a forest.
C. S. Sherrington:
Nobelprize in Medicine 1932
LINACRE LECTURE, 1924
In: JC Eccles, WC Gibson(eds.):
Sherrington, CS: His Life and Thought, NY, Springer, 59
Wolfram Müller, Graz, Austria
Medical University of Graz, Austria
FWF-Projekt P09904. Bewegungskultur in Tibet,1994 Wolfram Müller, Graz, Austria
MODELLING
HEBEN von Lasten
Wolfram Müller, Medical University of Graz, Austria
RUNNING: MOTION TRACKING combined with GROUND REACTION FORCE MEASUREMENT
Photos W. Müller Elvis KiprutoMaiyo Wolfram Müller, Graz, Austria
RUNNING: GROUND REACTION FORCE MEASUREMENT RESULTS
Marathon Running
‘In short, the human ability to run long distances, such
as a marathon, is neither a simple byproduct of the
ability to walk bipedally, nor a biologically aberrant
behaviour. Instead, running has deep evolutionary
roots. Although humans no longer need to run, the
capacity and proclivity to run marathons is the modern
manifestation of a uniquely human trait that help make
humans the way we are.’
Lieberman D.E., Bramble D.M. The Evolution of Marathon Running. Capabilities in Humans.
Sports Med 2007; 37 (4-5): 288-290
Medical University of Graz, Austria
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 50000
2
4
6
8
10
Phase III - 280W
MLSS - 260W
Phase II - 220W
Phase I - 140W
time [s]
La
[m
ol.l-1
]
W. Müller, P. Hofmann: Performance Factors In: H. Nörstrud (ed.): Sports Aerodynamics Springer, Wien, 2008 Figure: P. Hofmann
Wolfram Müller, Graz, Austria
POWER
P = 𝑊
𝑡 =
𝐹 𝑠
𝑡 = F v
Leistung = Kraft mal Geschwindigkeit
Wolfram Müller, Graz, Austria
Energy production modes as a function of activity duration
(schematically).
nach D. W. Edington and V. R. Edington, 1976.
Wolfram Müller, Graz, Austria
HUMAN POWER SPECTRUM
Müller W., ISB; 2009 , Cape Town, South Africa
Müller W., ECSS, 2009, Oslo, Norway
Müller W, Schmölzer B, Isokinet Exerc Sci 2006; 14 (2) 137-9
Müller W, Fürhapter-Rieger A, Isokinet Exerc Sci 2006; 14 (2) 201-3
Fürhapter-Rieger A, Müller W, 2006, J Biomech; 39 (1) 560
Fürhapter-Rieger A, Kröpfl J, Rosmann P, Müller W, 2010 J Biomech (accepted)
Decathlete; 100m: 10.9s ; 1500m: 5'00''
Wolfram Müller, Graz, Austria
ENERGY EXPENDITURE AT REST
W 1.22
kg
m [kg] P[W]
50 61
60 73
70 85
80 98
90 110
100 120
1𝑊 ≜ 2.87𝑚𝑙 𝑂2𝑚𝑖𝑛
Wolfram Müller, Graz, Austria
Medical University of Graz, Austria
ERNÄHRUNG und BEWEGUNG
Satz von der
Erhaltung der Energie
Bergwanderung: mgh = 80·9,81·1000 = 800 kJ; 800·5 = 4 MJ
Salami: 22 MJ/kg ------- 4/22 = 180 g Salami
Brot: 10 MJ/kg ------- 4/10 = 400 g Brot
Oder: 100g Salami plus 180g Brot
Oder:
Spargel: 0,8 MJ/kg ------ 4/0,8 = 5 kg Spargel
Gurke: 0.3 MJ/kg ------ 4/0,3 = 13 kg Gurke
Ruheumsatz: 1.22·80 = 100 W; 100·60·60 = 0,36 MJ/h
(0,36/30=12g/h Speck; 0,36/0,8 = 1,2 kg/h Gurke)
Wolfram Müller, Graz, Austria
2009, the IOC Medical Commission has set up an ad hoc Working Group for research on
Body Composition, Health and Performance (BCHP)
to address health and performance issues related to these topics in
WEIGHT-SENSITIVE SPORTS.
Coordinated by Wolfram Müller, Medical University of Graz, Austria
The health of the athletes can be severely threatened by current weight loss practices with serious consequences.
©Kishimoto
IOC Concerned about Body Composition, Health and Performance
of Athletes, http://www.olympic.org/
Wolfram Müller, Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz
WHO comment on BMI
“Problems arise, however, in adults
whose shape differ from the norm,
particularly in those whose legs are shorter or longer
than might be expected for their height."
WHO Expert Committee on Physical Status 1995,
Technical Report Series 854
THE MASS INDEX MI
𝑀𝐼 𝑘 = 𝐵𝑀𝐼 𝐶
𝐶
𝑘
= 𝑚
ℎ2 𝐶
𝑠ℎ
𝑘
𝐶 = 0.53 mean of the Cormic Index C continuum
C = s/h s sitting height; h stature
𝑀𝐼1 = 𝐶 𝑚
ℎ 𝑠= 0.53
𝑚
ℎ 𝑠
Müller W. Sports Med 2009; 39 (2): 85-106 (leading article)
Müller W, Gröschl W, Müller R, Sudi K: Int J Sports Med 2006; 27 (11): 926-34
Ackland T. , Lohman T., Sundgot-Borgen J., Maughan R., Meyer N., Stewart A., Müller W: Sports Med 2012; 42 (3): 227-249 Müller W: Br J Sports Med 2009; 43 (13): 1013-19
Müller W, Lohman T, Stewart A, Maughan RJ, Meyer N et al. Subcutaneous fat
patterning in athletes: selection of appropriate sites and standardisation of a
novel ultrasound measurement technique. Br J Sports Med 2016, January
(accepted)
Müller W, Maughan RJ. The need for a novel approach to measure body
composition: is ultrasound an answer?
Br J Sports Med. 2013; 47(16):1001-1002
Müller W, Horn M, Fürhapter-Rieger A, Kainz P, Kröpfl JM, Maughan RJ,
Ahammer H. Body composition in sport: a comparison of a novel ultrasound
imaging technique to measure subcutaneous fat tissue compared with skinfold
measurement. Br J Sports Med 2013; 47:1028-1035
Müller W, Horn M, Fürhapter-Rieger A, Kainz P, Kröpfl JM, Ackland TR,
Lohman TG, Maughan RJ, Meyer NL, Sundgot-Borgen J, Stewart AD,
Ahammer H. Body Composition in Sport: Inter-observer reliability of a novel
ultrasound measure of subcutaneous fat tissue.
Br J Sports Med 2013;47:1036-1043
Meyer NL, Sundgot-Borgen J, Lohman TG, Ackland TR, Stewart AD, Maughan
RJ, Smith S, Müller W: Body Composition for Health and Performance: A
Survey of Body Composition Assessment. Br J Sports Med 2013;47:1044-
1053
Sundgot-Borgen J, Meyer NL, Lohman TG, Ackland TR, Maughan RJ, Stewart
AD, Müller W: How to minimise the health risks to athletes who compete in
weight-sensitive sports. Review and position statement under the auspices of
the IOC Medical Commission. Br J Sports Med. 2013; 47(16): 1012-1022
MEASUREMENT of
SUBCUTANEOUS ADIPOSE TISSUE
ULTRASOUND SITES
Wolfram Müller, Graz, Austria
Wolfram Müller, Graz, Austria
US
SUB-
KUTAN-
FETT
PROFIL
Wolfram Müller, Graz, Austria
Da nach dem Vortrag Interesse an Ultraschallmessungen bestand:
Private Kontaktadresse für solche Untersuchungen:
Fettprofilmessungen mit Ultraschall
Anthropometrische Untersuchungen
Messung der Leistungsfähigkeit (Human Power Spectrum, HPS)
Bewegungs- und Trainingsberatung
Fa. Rotosport, Graz
rotosport.com
0043 650 6941666
MOUNTAINEERING: ALTITUDE ACCLIMATISATION
HYPOXY LABORATORY, HPR Graz, Mozartgasse 14
HYPOXY INFLUENCE
on
REGULATION
Domej, Cagran, Huber,
Ahammer, Müller
HYPOXY TRIGGERED
DIZZINESS
Domej, Cagran, Huber,
Ahammer, Müller
Wolfram Müller, Graz, Austria
Wolfram Müller, Medical University of Graz, Austria
Goethe gibt in der Ballade Der Schatzgräber die Anweisung
für ein erfülltes Leben
Tages Arbeit! Abends Gäste!
Saure Wochen! Frohe Feste!